Before Class… Take out your Schedules of Reinforcement worksheet from Friday Pick up the paper from the cart.

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Presentation transcript:

Before Class… Take out your Schedules of Reinforcement worksheet from Friday Pick up the paper from the cart

Cognitive Factors

Cognitive Factors in Learning Cognitive Psychologists Behaviorists See learned behaviors as purposeful Study what people/animals know because of learning People can learn by thinking or watching other See learned behaviors as mechanical Only focused on what people/animals do

Latent Learning Learning that remains hidden until it is needed Example: If you are in a car going to school with a friend every day, but your friend is driving all the time, you may learn the way to get to school, but have no reason to demonstrate this knowledge. When you friend gets sick one day and you have to drive yourself for the first time, if you can get to school following the same route you would go if your friend was driving, then you have demonstrated latent learning.

E.C. Tolman Conducted experiments with rats in mazes Rats learned the layouts of the mazes even without being reinforced for their learning (adding reinforcement increased their efficiency however)

E.C. Tolman Rats did not show their knowledge of the mazes until they were rewarded for finding the end They had the knowledge, but had no reason to use/show it until a reward was given LL definition Learning that remains hidden until it is needed

Observational Learning Learning knowledge or skills by observing and imitating others Albert Bandura founder Violent video games, movies, etc.

Modeling A form of imitation Observing a behavior and later reproducing it

Vicarious Reinforcement Behavior is reinforced indirectly through observing others experiences

Effects of media violence on children Model aggressive skills A positive correlation exists between watching/playing violent media and resolving personal conflicts with violence Desensitization Less likely to help victims

Teaching techniques involving observational learning Extinction Time out Token economies Personal contracts

Extinction of behaviors Ignoring a child until their negative, attention seeking behavior ends More likely to be effective for younger students because they seek teacher approval/attention, while older students seek attention/approval from peers

Time out Isolation makes it so that students can no longer receive reinforcement or attention from peers or their environment ISS

Token Economies People are paid for good behavior and they use the tokens to buy rewards Jimmy Joules Mole bucks

Personal Contracts Identify behavior you want to change Set a goal for your new behavior Create a system of rewards and punishments for yourself Implement this new system Could you do it? Why or why not?