Learning

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NSeYRanbbU

Classical Conditioning Involuntary response evoked by a stimulus.

Understanding Classical Conditioning Stimulus- something that produces a reaction Response- reaction to a stimulus Conditioning- what is learned

Understanding Classical Conditioning Neutral Stimulus – stimulus that has no response. Unconditioned stimulus- stimulus that causes an automatic response that is not learned it is natural. Unconditioned response- automatic response Conditioned response- learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or did not happen Conditioned stimulus- learned stimulus

Stage 1 – Before conditioning The unconditioned stimulus (US) produces an unconditioned response (UR) in an organism. The Neutral Stimulus has no effect on the organism.

Stage 2- During Conditioning A stimulus which produces no response (i.e. neutral) is associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US) at which point it now becomes known as the conditioned stimulus (CS).

Stage 3 – After Conditioning Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US) to create a new conditioned response (CR).

Lets look at a few examples

After the connection Extinction – The dying out of a conditioned response by breaking the association between the C.S. and the U.C.S. When the bell was rung but no food was presented.

After the connection Spontaneous Recovery – The return of a conditioned response (in a weaker form) after a period of time. Ex: When Pavlov waited for a few days and then rang the bell once more the dog salivated again.

The bell and pad method for bed wetting A bedwetting alarm is an electronic device used as a treatment option for nocturnal enuresis

People with Phobias are treated using classical conditioning People with Phobias are treated using classical conditioning. Trying to get them to realize the stimulus isn’t negative.

Systemic

Simulation Pair up Decide who A is and who B is B is the experimenter A is the subject Experimenter get a simulation description and subjects have a seat and get comfy.

Carry out BEFORE Wednesday's ClASS

Prepare mentally for a quiz

Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mt4N9GSBoMI

Lets DISCUSS YOUR EXPERIMENTS

There will be a test on consciousness and learning on Tuesday There will be a test on consciousness and learning on Tuesday! Color coded notes for pages 213 – 219 for next Tuesday

Operant Behavior Learned behaviors designed to gain rewards or punishments within your environment. Operant response – the environment produces consequences. Consequences – action that follows a behavior.

BF Skinner and his Skinner Box

Reinforcement Process by which a stimulus increases the preceding behavior. Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Punishment

Reinforcers increase the desire to repeat the behavior. Punishers decrease the desire to repeat the behavior. Law of Effect – reinforcement will lead to repeated performance, punishment will suppress performance

With punishment, always remember that the end result is to try to STOP the undesired behavior. Negative reinforcing is about getting someone to perform a desired behavior.

B.F. Skinner wanted to use pigeons as war weapons he first started to train pigeons to tap grain on a screen then he switched the grain to targets and gave them food for doing so after they learned he proposed the birds be placed in missiles and have them guide their missile to the intended target but the equipment was too bulky and the idea was thrown out.

Applying Operant Conditioning

Essay Write an essay that explains why we should reconsider spanking as a form of punishment. In your writing be sure to cite specific information from the info-graph. Info graph is located on the chapter 5 page under documents. “Operant Conditioning, spanking”

Cognitive Factors in Learning

Latent Learning Much learning can occur without reinforcement. Tolman and Honzik Group of rats receiving food at end of maze Group of rats having no reward explore maze Food placed at end of mazes, both rats found the end of the maze simultaneously

Observational Learning Observational learning- acquiring knowledge and skills by observing and imitating others. Learn to eat, speak, play by observation Albert Bandura

Should we ban violent video games?

The Effects of Media Violence If a child watches two to four hours a day, he or she will have seen 8,000 to 100,000 murders or acts of violence by the time they have finished elementary school Children exposed to violence are more likely to see it as acceptable

The Effects of Media Violence cont. Viewing violence leads to emotional desensitization towards real life violence. Viewing violence leads to real life violence.

Violence in the media https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCNjNdA_CZk

Insight Insight learning is a type of learning or problem solving that happens all-of-a-sudden through understanding the relationships various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error. Wolfgang Kohler

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6t5HOBPWLw

Go to the class webpage for chapter 5 Click on the following image. http://www.addictinggames.com/puzzle-games/empty-room-escape-game.jsp