Blood and Blood cells
Blood and Blood cells Average adult has 5-6 liters of blood which circulates every 20 seconds Composition 78% water 22% Various solids
Function of Blood 1. transporting nutrients, oxygen & hormones 2. removing metabolic wastes and CO2 3. providing immunity (resistance to disease) through antibodies 4. maintaining body temperature and electrolyte balance 5. clotting to prevent bleeding from a wound
Blood Blood divides into solid and liquid portions when spun in a centrifuge Solid parts are called formed elements Erythrocytes - Red blood cells (RBC’s) Leukocytes - White blood cells (WBC’s) Thrombocytes – platelets The remaining liquid is composed of the buffy coat (mixture of WBC’s and platelets) and plasma
Blood and Blood cells Plasma Pale yellow fluid portion of blood Make up 90% H2O, 10% protein Contains special proteins that help blood to clot Contains carbohydrates, proteins gases, hormones, enzymes, minerals, and waste products
Types of blood cells
Erythrocytes Largest part of blood solids Live 90-120 days Produced by bone marrow of femur, hip, sternum, humerus, vertebra, cranium
Erythrocytes Main function Transport oxygen and removes carbon dioxide Hemopoiesis –process in which new RBC’s are formed
hemoglobin Complex protein within each cell to which oxygen attaches
Thrombocytes Platelets Causes blood to clot
Leukocytes Produced in bone marrow and lymph nodes Main function Fight infection
leukocytes Two types Granulocytes Act as scavengers and destroy pathogens
Granulocytes Neutrophils - engulf & digest bacteria called phagocytosis Basophils - contain the anticoagulant substance heparin and participate in the inflammatory response Eosinophils – defend the body from allergic reactions and parasitic infections
Agranulocytes Lymphocytes – Basis of the immune system participates in the production of antibody and plasma cells and help destroy foreign particles Monocytes – leaves the blood and becomes a macrophage, which help remove foreign materials and bacteria in the process of phagocytosis