Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Utilization of Locally Available Natural and Artificial (industrial waste) Pozzolana for Green Environment and Fire Resisting Structures Presented By Engr. KAFFAYATULLAH KHAN Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering King Faisal University

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Contents Background Problem Statement Literature Review Objectives Methodology Experimental Program Results and Discussion Conclusions Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Background Use of Cement in Construction Industry It is the second most consumable commodity after water by the society on the earth Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Background (cont'd…...) Use of Cement in Construction Industry Global production of cement concrete = 25 billion metric ton per year (Celik et al.2014). About 4.1 billion ton of Portland cement were produced in 2015. 57.2 Million ton of Saudi cement produced in 2014 and it is increasing year by year (G.A.S.,2014) 3.37 Tons per person Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Background (cont'd…...) Issues Related with Cement Industry The cement which is main ingredient of concrete produce approximately 5% of global man-made CO2 emission. Energy Consumption Cement consume 4 GJ energy that released 1 ton of CO2 into the atmosphere. (Mehta 2001) Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Problem Statement How to reduce/replace the amount of cement so that we can reduce the energy consumption and green house effect as well as increase in the fire rating characteristics ? Cement Replacement ,,,,, how to reduce the amount of cement so that we can reduce the energy consumption and green house effect as well as without significant loss in performance parameters of concrete ? Only possible when we replace the cement particle with other materials that have a Cementous behavior and those materials called as pozzolanic materials Environmental Friendly Construction ? Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Literature Review (cont'd…...) Pozzolanic materials which is widely used in construction industry Silica-Fume Fly Ash Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Literature Review (cont'd…...) Local Available Pozzolanic in KSA Availability of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs). Basaltic Volcanic Ash (BVA) and Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS). Locally available in Harrat Rahat area for BVA and SABIC steel for EAFS. Fly Ash (FA) from India. (Celik et al.2014) Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Objectives Evaluating the effect of locally available Basaltic Volcanic Ash (BVA) and Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS) as Supplementary Cementitious Materials SCMs on compressive strength of cement mortars and compare with Fly Ash (FA) . Evaluating the performance of locally available natural pozzolans (BVA) and EAFS at elevated temperature. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Methodology Material Preparation (FA),(BVA) and (EAFS) Crushing &Grinding   to meet ASTM C331 requirement Exposure to temp. for 2 hours in Furnace 200,400 ,600 and 800 ˚C Preparation of mortar samples with different % replacement [20 % and 20% +10%, ] with cement  Curing for 91 days Results and Discussion Conclusions  Senior Design - II Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

As receive from company Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Methodology EAFS before grinding Electric Arc grinder EAFS after grinding Particle Size(𝝁) Symbol Material As receive from company C Cement 45𝝁𝐦 EAFS Electric Arc Furnace Slag 20𝝁𝐦 BVA Basaltic Volcanic Ash FA Fly Ash Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Methodology ASTM C-305 ratio The batches quantities for control sample, VA, FA and EAFS: Water Fine Aggregate Cement 0.485 2.75 1 Mixes   Quantities Cement BVA FA EAFS Water Sand Control Sample 500 242.5 1375 BVA 20% 400 100 FA 20% BVA 20% +EAFS 10% 50 FA 20% +EAFS 10% 600 Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Samples after exposure Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Mix set-up Curing Chamber 40 Storage Drying oven Electric furnace Samples after exposure Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Conclusion Air cooling (20% FA + 10 % EAFS) & (20% BVA + 10 % EAFS) shows maximum compressive strength at all temperatures except 600˚C. While BVA, FA & EAFS both display good results at 800˚C. In General Air cooling. • There was a noticeable increase at 200 ˚C for all mixes for 28 days compressive strength with maximum result of 74.2 MPa for (20% FA+ 10 % EAFS). • Taking 400 ˚C which considered a moderate high heat exposure, percentage of reduction are significantly similar, but (20% BVA +10% EAFS) shows the maximum heat resistance of 66.67 MPa, 49.6 MPa and 24.5 MPa for all 400 ˚C, 600 ˚C and 800 ˚C respectively. Water cooling. • All the five-replacement showed a reduction in the strength due to the evaporation of free water when it was exposed to elevated temperatures, except (20% BVA +10% EAFS) at 200 ˚C shows a 62.19 MPa which is maximum results comparing to other mixes. • The maximum results of all 400 ˚C, 600 ˚C and 800 ˚C are 48 MPa of (20% BVA +10% EAFS), 42.8 MPa of (Cement) and 21.42 MPa of (20% BVA) respectively. Both Basaltic Volcanic ash and Electric Arc Furnace showed improved strength at later ages and also at elevated Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA Thank you Senior Design - II Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA