VOCABULARY Ellis Island – Located in New York. Entry point for most European immigrants Angel Island – Located in San Francisco. Entry point for most Asian immigrants Nativism – feeling that emerged in the late 1800s that people born on American soil are better than others. Chinese Exclusion Act – Passed in 1882 to limit Chinese immigration to the US because immigrants were taking the factory jobs and the Chinese were the most different. Tenements – a multifamily urban dwelling, usually overcrowded and unsanitary. Family living space averaged 8X10 per family

VOCABULARY 22. Social Gospel Movement – reform movement of the late 19th century based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty Political Machine – group that controls a political party in a city. They maintain power by trading services for political and financial support from the voters Patronage – the practice of giving someone a job that has helped get you elected Pendleton Civil Service Act – passed in 1883 ending patronage. Required people to pass a test for certain civil service jobs. Tariff – a tax on imported goods

CHAPTER 7 IMMIGRATION Old immigration New immigration

Label your map Compass Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean North America South America Europe Asia Africa Ellis Island Angel Island

Immigrants come to America Push and Pull Factors

Get out your US map Locate and label Ellis Island Locate and label Angel Island

Once in the US Immigrants would… Live in… Work in factories Lower pay Profits for owners Congregate… America the “Melting Pot”

Americans respond to influx by Anti immigrant feelings spread Nativism The belief that people born on American soil are better than others.

The Government responds by Chinese Exclusion Act Gentlemen’s Agreement

URBANIZATION Opportunities Population Problems Housing - Tenements Transportation Lack of clean water Sanitation Crime Fire

Addressing the problems Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives Social Gospel Movement Salvation through service to the poor Gladden and Rauschenbusch Settlement House Movement Jane Addams and the Hull House

WEEK 2 JOURNAL 6 Jacob Riis learned about living conditions of the slums of New York while working as a newspaper reporter during the late 1800s. His photographs and writings about living conditions among the poor helped to bring about social reform. 1. In your own words, summarize what Jacob Riis is known for. 2. What type of journalist was Jacob Riis?

GILDED AGE What does that mean?

Political Machines What are they? Immigrants Fraud and Graft Boss Tweed Thomas Nast

VOCABULARY 27. Booker T. Washington – believed African Americans would achieve equality if they developed a skill and became economically stable. Founded Tuskegee College W. E. B. DuBois – First African American to graduate from Harvard. Believed African Americans must demand their equality Poll Tax – $2 fee required in order to vote Grandfather Clause – a provision that exempts certain people from a law on the basis of previously existing circumstances. (if your father or grandfather voted before 1867 you are exempt) Jim Crow Laws – segregation laws Plessy v. Ferguson – supreme court case that established the separate but equal concept and led to the Jim Crow Laws

WEEK 2 JOURNAL 7 How do you think the introduction of mass transit systems, such as subways, and the construction of skyscrapers affect the demographics (population makeup) and layout of the turn of the century cities? EXPLAIN AND SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER

Patronage and its results Spoils System Presidents try to reform Pres. Hayes and the Custom House Garfield gets elected – pushes for change Arthur is his VP Mugwumps Stalwarts Garfield, Guiteau and Arthur Pendleton Act The Civil Service reform law that requires people to pass a test for certain government jobs

Big Business and Government McKinley Tariff Wilson Gorman Tariff Grover Cleveland

Chapter 8- Life at the Turn of the 20th Century

Science and Urban Life Technology and City Life Skyscrapers Louis Sullivan Electric Transit Street Car Suburbs Steel Cables

Science and Urban Life New Technologies Printing Airplanes Photography Wood pulp Perfecting press Fast – low cost Airplanes Orville and Wilbur Wright Photography George Eastman Kodak

Descriptions need to be at least three sentences long! WEEK 2 JOURNAL 7 Write a brief description of life at the turn of the century. Think about what is new, what are people doing, where they are living, how they treat each other. Descriptions need to be at least three sentences long!

Expanding Public Education Elementary and High Schools Discrimination Immigrants Higher Education for African Americans Booker T Washington Tuskegee University W.E.B. Du Bois Harvard Niagara Movement

Segregation and Discrimination Voting Restrictions Literacy Test Poll Tax Grandfather Clause Disenfranchised – Disfranchise Jim Crow Laws Lynching Ida B. Wells Discrimination in the North African Americans believed . . . . . Plessy v Ferguson

Discrimination in the West Mexican Workers Chinese Immigrants

The Dawn of Mass Culture Leisure Amusement Parks Coney Island Sports Music – Rag Time Scott Joplin – Maple Leaf Rag The Spread of Mass Culture Newspapers Advertising Standardization of society

How did the decision in the Plessy v Ferguson Supreme Court case affect life in the southern states?

People and Terms from 7-8 Chester Arthur Louis Sullivan Grover Cleveland Jane Addams James Garfield Settlement House Angel Island Political Machines Ellis Island Jacob Riis Nativism Plessy v. Ferguson Social Gospel Movement McKinley Tariff Booker T. Washington Gentlemen’s Agreement WEB DuBois Pendleton Act Chinese Exclusion Act Boss Tweed