Information Communication Technology use in Mongolian Elections Presenter: Tamir Zorigt System Security Engineer General Election Commission of Mongolia

Outline Brief introduction about Mongolia Reasons to use Automated Election System /AES/ in Mongolia The system requirements for AES selection About AES of Mongolia and its use in elections Lessons Learned

Part I Brief Introduction about Mongolia

Brief information about Mongolia Area: 1.5 mln. sq. km Population 3 million. Political system: Parliament (76 seats) Administration: Capital city (Ulaanbaatar) 21 aimags (province): an aimag is the first-level administrative subdivision. 340 soums (subprovince): soum is the second level administrative subdivision of Mongolia. The capital city Ulaanbaatar is divided in 9 districts

Part II Reasons to use Automated Election System in Mongolia

What was the reasons to use AES in Mongolia Previously, the election organization related procedures such as voter registration, voting , vote counting was conducted almost by traditional based method (manual & paper based) which have been somehow depended on human operation.

What was the reasons to use AES in Mongolia The riot broke out on July 1st 2008 which was sparked by allegations of fraud surrounding the Parliamentary election held 3 days earlier. Consequently 5 people were killed and about more than 700 people were arrested by police.

Part III The system requirements for AES selection

The system requirements for voter registration system Online registered voters’ list voter registration system based on fingerprint

The system requirements for voting machine Able to conduct more than 1 elections simultaneously Secure ballot paper Backup Battery Off-line environment Offline report printing Make copy of ballot’s image files Result file transmission

How many options are introduced? Miru Systems (South Korea) Voter identification System Touch-Screen Voting System Election Systems & Software (USA) Optical Scan Paper Ballot Systems Dominion Voting Systems (CAN) Image Cast Precinct (ICP)

Part IV About AES of Mongolia and its use in elections

Parts of Automated Election System of Mongolia Candidate registration system Voter registration system Election management system Election event designer Voting machine Result tabulation system

An overview of Automated Election System procedures Pre Election Election day Post Election Candidates’ registration Voter’s registration Result tabulation and Live Screening Ballot paper designing, voting machine configuration Vote casting and counting Manual recounting up to 50% of the polling stations (by random selection, according to the Election Law) Report Printing and Result Transmission to Central Server Testing & Certification Election final result posting online Ballot Image burning on CD by the request from observers

Part 1 Candidate registration system Pre Election Its works in Virtual Private Network environment (from election district committees to central server) District committee staff sends candidate information through web based application to our central server After finish candidate registration, they print sample ballot paper from our CRS for proofreading purpose At the end they send stamped and signed sample ballot paper image to GEC Candidates’ registration

An overview of Automated Election System procedures Pre Election Election day Post Election Candidates’ registration Voter’s registration Result tabulation and Live Screening Ballot paper designing, voting machine configuration Vote casting and counting Manual recounting up to 50% of the polling stations (by random selection, according to the Election Law) Report Printing and Result Transmission to Central Server Testing & Certification Election final result posting online Ballot Image burning on CD by the request from observers

Part 3.A. Election event designer of EMS Pre Election It works in offline environment It imports election related data from spreadsheet which exported from CRS It makes design of ballot paper It does voting machine related configuration such as Central server IP address Opening and closing passwords for polling station managers Programming of magnetic key for poll worker Ballot paper designing, voting machine configuration

An overview of Automated Election System procedures Pre Election Election day Post Election Candidates’ registration Voter’s registration Result tabulation and Live Screening Ballot paper designing, voting machine configuration Vote casting and counting Manual recounting up to 50% of the polling stations (by random selection, according to the Election Law) Report Printing and Result Transmission to Central Server Testing & Certification Election final result posting online Ballot Image burning on CD by the request from observers

An overview of Automated Election System procedures Pre Election Technical test Logic Accuracy test Tests with parties and civil society organization “Certification working group” tests Data transmission test from each polling station Testing & Certification

An overview of Automated Election System procedures Pre Election Election day Post Election Candidates’ registration Voter’s registration Result tabulation and Live Screening Ballot paper designing, voting machine configuration Vote casting and counting Manual recounting up to 50% of the polling stations (by random selection, according to the Election Law) Report Printing and Result Transmission to Central Server Testing & Certification Election final result posting online Ballot Image burning on CD by the request from observers

Part 2 Voter registration system Election day Civil Registration Office prepares voters’ list It works in offline environment Primary method is fingerprint based registration (system shows voter’s picture on the screen for observers) Secondary method is national ID card based registration for emergency (system gives additional signal and shows voter’s picture on the screen for observers) + Voter’s registration +

Part 2 Voter registration system + + Register voter by fingerprint and electronic ID card Provide a receipt to the voter that authorizes the voter to receive a ballot Produce and Display statistical reports Print these reports every hour

An overview of Automated Election System procedures Pre Election Election day Post Election Candidates’ registration Voter’s registration Result tabulation and Live Screening Ballot paper designing, voting machine configuration Vote casting and counting Manual recounting up to 50% of the polling stations (by random selection, according to the Election Law) Report Printing and Result Transmission to Central Server Testing & Certification Election final result posting online Ballot Image burning on CD by the request from observers

Part 3b voting machine Election day Vote casting and counting It works in offline environment It has 2 different password for opening and closing of polling (polling station manager keeps it) It has magnetic key (poll worker keeps it) It has 2 memory card which sealed from working group of certification ( it saves ballot paper image file, vote count, system log and configuration) It encrypts special data before save on cards Every voting machine has unique ballot paper It has preconfigured modem for result file transmission purpose which connects only to the protected network Vote casting and counting Report Printing and Result Transmission to Central Server

Part 3b voting machine RESULT report ZERO report

Part 3.B. voting machine Scan and identify ballot Count vote and save images in memory Consolidate voting results Transmit voting result to central server

Transmission of voting result Only ONE central server State total precincts 1896 Data transmitted by 5 different GSM, CDMA and Satellite network According to the Article 100 of the LoE: 100.1. A polling station shall read and announce polling results of the election precinct processed by vote counting equipment and the senior coordinator of the polling station shall sign the polling results sheet printed by the vote counting equipment, and a copy of that shall be delivered to the election committee of the soum, district, and the election committee of the soum, district shall deliver it to election committee of the aimag, capital city, and the election committee of the aimag, capital city shall deliver it to the central election authority respectively and immediately. 100.2. Polling station may give the results sheet printed by the vote counting equipment along with image data of ballot paper to a representative of a party or candidate, or each observer of non-governmental organization on the polling day. 100.3. An election committee that received polling results shall tabulate results in its territory and deliver it along with polling result sheet to its superior election committee.

An overview of Automated Election System procedures Pre Election Election day Post Election Candidates’ registration Voter’s registration Result tabulation and Live Screening Ballot paper designing, voting machine configuration Vote casting and counting Manual recounting up to 50% of the polling stations (by random selection, according to the Election Law) Report Printing and Result Transmission to Central Server Testing & Certification Election final result posting online Ballot Image burning on CD by the request from observers

An overview of Automated Election System procedures Election day Provides copied image files to party observers. All scanned ballots formed in image. Bottom part of image file shows how ballot scanned on ICP Ballot Image burning on CD by the request from observers

An overview of Automated Election System procedures Pre Election Election day Post Election Candidates’ registration Voter’s registration Result tabulation and Live Screening Ballot paper designing, voting machine configuration Vote casting and counting Manual recounting up to 50% of the polling stations (by random selection, according to the Election Law) Report Printing and Result Transmission to Central Server Testing & Certification Election final result posting online Ballot Image burning on CD by the request from observers

Part 3.C. report tabulation system Post Election Result tabulation and Live Screening Manual recounting up to 50% of the polling stations (by random selection, according to the Election Law)

How many proofs left after use AES in Mongolian elections Voter registration database on registration computer Voter registration on paper Ballot papers Ballot image files (already provided to observers) Printed result tapes (already provided to observers) Manual recounting results of up to 50% of polling stations Encrypted result files on central server Tabulated result of election on central server (broadcasted live on TVs)

What is advantages of AES of Mongolia Fast Results Security Control and Reports  Efficient Operations

Difficulties faced while using AES 300 out of 1998 polling stations are resided in a destination without mobile network: About 100 places were used satellite network which is costly because of the renting and installation fee. Moreover, the installation takes long time. Rest of the polling stations were moved to another places where the mobile network is available Current ballot paper is much more expensive than the traditional ones /price before 6-12 cents, current 618-640 cents/ In some cases it requires reprint the ballot paper, where misspelling of the names and needs to exclude the candidate’s name from the ballot paper in relation with the violation of related law and regulation* The destination of the each polling station in countryside is far... The voting machine delivery always have been under the risk of damage of the equipment due to the bad road condition in the countryside In some cases, polling staff and police officers were not able to vote due to the deployment away from their registered polling stations During the 2016 Parliamentary election, 3 candidate’s names had to be excluded from the printed ballot papers, due to the campaign related violations.

Lessons Learned Part V

Lessons Learned Creation of electronic voter registration system (online, offline) Mobile network coverage to be broadened (instead of using satellite network) Selection of voting machine Ballot paper based voting system (OMR and OCR) SMS voting system E-Voting system Commercial or Open source Public monitoring on the procedures of AES as open & transparent as it possible Less manual work on voting and counting procedures Less disputes from any stakeholders on organization of elections

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