Simple Machines

Lever Over 2000 years ago, a Greek scientist named Archimedes (ark a MEE dees) figured out how and why levers worked.  People had been using levers for a long time, but he was the first to explain them using math.  http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Lever Lever The lever is simple machine made up of a stiff arm that pivots or turns. 

Lever The point that a lever turns on is called the fulcrum. Lever

Lever The load is the object you are trying to move. Lever Load Fulcrum Load The load is the object you are trying to move. 

Lever Effort Lever Fulcrum Load The effort is the amount of energy you have to use to move the object.

Lever 250 lbs. 500 lbs. 500 lbs. 250 lbs. 500 lbs. Lever Lever Fulcrum

Lever Fulcrum Lever Fulcrum

Lever Legend credits Archimedes with saying, "With a big enough lever, you can move the world."  http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Can I lift the Empire State Building with a phone book? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IE6hUjjQVSc

Inclined Plane

Inclined Plane The inclined plane is a kind of simple machine with slanted surface. http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Inclined Plane On mountains or steep hills, roads, and walking trails don't go straight up the mountain.  It would be too difficult to walk or drive that way.  Instead, the road winds back and forth up the mountain.  These inclined planes are called switch backs, which are easier to climb.  http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Inclined Plane The pyramids in Egypt are made of huge stone blocks.  For years people have been wondering how they moved all those heavy blocks around.  http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Inclined Plane The best guess is the Egyptians pushed the blocks up inclined planes in order to build the pyramids.  http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Winding or spiral ramp

The straight-on ramp Internal ramp Zigzag ramp Combination ramp

Inclined Plane 10 foot tower 100 lbs. Rock Imagine trying to lift this rock to the top of the tower.

Tony Hawk Super Skateboard Ramp Tony’s Video – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3VUPnU8WLQ Bob’s Video – News Story - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_1Y8UoLIu4 Tony Hawk Super Skateboard Ramp – Good time to talk about momentum as well http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3VUPnU8WLQ – Tony’s Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_1Y8UoLIu4 – Bob’s Video – News Story

Screw

Screw The screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a post.

Screw One of the first screw machines was invented by Archimedes in the third century B.C. Archimedes, perhaps the greatest mathematician of his time, designed a machine to lift fresh water from the hold of a ship belonging to King Hiero II of Syracuse. Archimedes' machine had a watertight cylinder enclosing a spiral running from end to end, with its lower end immersed in the water. As the machine was turned by hand, the water collected in the rotating spiral blades and was lifted out of the ship's hold.

Screw End with “surely no one would use such a silly machine like this today?”

Screw Ok maybe so…

Instead click the links below: Screw Pump in operation - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULU_K9nFjLI How they make the screw pump - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rH3_WILVpD0 Instead click the links below: Screw Pump in operation - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULU_K9nFjLI How they make the screw pump - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rH3_WILVpD0

Wedge

Wedge The wedge is two inclined planes joined back to back. These 2 planes meet and form a sharp edge.

Wedge

Wedge Wood has been the main medium for crafts and construction among the Alaskan Natives and American Indians of Northwest Coast region. When building their wooden plank houses, one of the their main tools was the wedge.  Hardwood wedge enable workers to split long planks from tree trunks.  Other wooden products of the American Indians include totem poles, canoes, masks, containers, figurines, tools, and weapons. http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Wedge

The Log-o-Matic - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLurRpsHTvc Farmer splitting Wood with a sledge hammer/axe and a wedge The Log-o-Matic - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLurRpsHTvc The Log-o-Matic - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLurRpsHTvc Screw Splitter - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9quKzJcDCpU

Wheel and Axle

Wheel and Axle A wheel and axle is a simple machine that is made up of a smaller cylinder (the axle) joined to a larger cylinder (the wheel).

Wheel and Axle Often a wheel and axle is used to make it much easier to move a load. An example of this is a trolley, or any other wheeled vehicle.

Wheel and Axle A two story tall dump truck carrying over 400 tons of dirt - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_je_P-J44c4 A two story tall dump truck carrying over 400 tons of dirt - Http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_je_P-J44c4

Pulley

Pulley The pulley is a simple machine made of a rope or chain wrapped around the wheel. http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Pulley A movable pulley reduces the amount of force needed to lift an object by increasing the distance over which the force is applied. The useful pulley is one of the earliest and simplest wheel devices. http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Pulley Back in the eighth century B.C., the country that is now Syria may have discovered that a small wheel within a frame made it easier to pull up a heavy weight hanging from a rope running over the wheel.  Engineers in ancient times used this knowledge to their advantage in the construction of many monuments and temples. http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Pulley

Pulley

Ozark Medieval Fortress squirrel-cage crane http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xT3CMowm98

Complex Machine A complex machine is a system where two or more simple machines combined into one device.

Wheel and Axle The Chinese invented the wheelbarrow almost two thousand years ago.  They called their invention the "wooden ox" or "gliding horse."  A worker could push it or pull it.  Almost 1,300 years passed before Europeans learned of this labor saving device and copied it.  http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/cur/simp-mach/default.htm

Wheel and Axle Lever This is actually two simple machines combined into one. The wheel and Axle are one, what is the other one?

Wheel and Axle Produces work here Force applied by you here 1000 lbs. The wheel and axel support the weight. The wheel allows us to move very heavy objects.

Wheel and Axle Lever 1000 lbs. Axle Fulcrum Wheel In order for the lever to work it needs a second component. Where is the fulcrum?

Put it all together and we get this, the worlds biggest complex machine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWlcqdPJEPg Biggest machine - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWlcqdPJEPg

Who is Rube Goldberg?

Who is Rube Goldberg? Rube Goldberg (1883-1970) was a Pulitzer Prize winning cartoonist, sculptor, and author.

Who is Rube Goldberg? Reuben Lucius Goldberg (Rube Goldberg) was born in San Francisco, on the 4th of July 1883. After graduating University of California Berkeley, with a degree in engineering, Rube went on to work as an engineer for the City of San Francisco Water and Sewers Department.

Who is Rube Goldberg? Rube, an avid cartoonist, decided after six months, engineering was not his calling. He shifted gears and instead became an office boy in the sports department of a San Francisco newspaper. In this capacity, he began to submit drawings and cartoons to the editor, until he was finally published. Success was immediate, and Rube soon moved from San Francisco to New York where he began working for the Evening Mail, drawing daily cartoons. This led to syndication, and the rest is history.

Who is Rube Goldberg? A founding member of the National Cartoonist Society, a political cartoonist and a Pulitzer Prize winner, Rube was a beloved national figure as well as an often-quoted radio and television personality during his sixty-year professional career.

Who is Rube Goldberg? Best known for his INVENTIONS, Rube’s early years as an engineer informed his most acclaimed works. A Rube Goldberg contraption – an elaborate set of arms, wheels, gears, handles, cups, and rods, put in motion by balls, canary cages, pails, boots, bathtubs, paddles, and live animals takes a simple task and makes it extraordinarily complicated. He had solutions for How To Get The Cotton Out Of An Aspirin Bottle, imagined a Self-Operating Napkin, and created a Simple Alarm Clock to name just a few of his hilariously depicted drawings.

Who is Rube Goldberg?

Who is Rube Goldberg? As you walk past cobbler shop, hook (A) strikes suspended boot (B), causing it to kick football (C) through goal posts (D). Football drops into basket (E) and string (F) tilts sprinkling can, (G) causing water to soak coat tails (H). As coat shrinks, cord (I) opens door (J) of cage, allowing bird (K) to walk out on perch (L) and grab worm (M) which is attached to string (N). This pulls down window shade (O) on which is written, "YOU SAP, MAIL THAT LETTER." A simple way to avoid all this trouble is to marry a wife who can't write.

Ok Go – This too shall pass http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qybUFnY7Y8w Honda Car Everything in this video is real http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ve4M4UsJQo Ok Go – This too shall pass http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qybUFnY7Y8w Honda Automotive – The Cog