California Before the Gold Rush

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Presentation transcript:

California Before the Gold Rush Spain had set up missions in CA to secure their claims to the area

California Under Mexico Mexico, when they gained their independence, converted the missions into presidios Offered citizens land grants, called rancheros, if they moved to the California Territory

Americans Moving West In search of land ownership, at a cheap price, many who lived in the U.S. looked west Louisiana Purchase Oregon Country Mexican Territory Texas California

Why Oregon & California instead of the Great Plains? 1. Fertile Land

2. Manifest Destiny 3. Accessibility by Ship 4. Trade China Spice Islands

Some people were willing to trek to Northern California Year-round mild climate Sufficient rainfall for farming Potential trade ports

Main CA Destination: San Francisco Area Had a deep and large natural harbor Had inland rivers that fed into it Difficult to access from east coast by land and/or water

Getting to California before 1848 1. By Land or 2. By Sea

By Land To the end of the Oregon Trail Then south to California

Getting to California by Land Many were reluctant to move to California because the Sierra Nevada Mountains were difficult to get around and there was no known route through them that could be reached before winter

Getting to California by Ocean Passing South America around Cape Horn was treacherous, cold and may cost lives

Panama: Short Cut Get off on eastern coast of Panama 2-3 day hike from Gulf of Mexico to Pacific Ocean Wait for a ship on western coast Could take a few days or months Often ended up being the same ship Risk catching malaria and dying

Destination in CA: Sutter’s Fort Many who came to CA sought refuge at Sutter’s fort Founded by John Sutter during Mexico’s control of CA

Founder: John Sutter Born in Switzerland as Johann Sutter Failed Businessman 1834 he left his wife and kids to try his business luck in America Came to California in 1839

Sutter’s Fort Farmed wheat, barley, peas and beans Produced & traded whiskey & brandy Exported wheat to Russia Issued passports to American Immigrants -- his future customers

Hastings Cutoff Hasting knew there had to be a more direct way to get to Sutter’s Fort in California Without ever traveling the cutoff, he published directions and they were sold to pioneers on the Oregon Trail

Donner Party The Reed & Donner Families left Springfield, IL on April 18, 1846 They joined the Russell Train outside of Independence, MO The train left in mid May, 1846

Donner Party decides to take the short cut In July they get word that Hastings will lead trains across his short cut Hastings would meet trains at Ft. Bridger in present day Wyoming

Hastings had already left Ft Hastings had already left Ft. Bridger by the time the Reed-Donner Party arrived With 74 people and 20 wagons the Donner Party sets off to catch up with Hastings Some ride ahead to catch him Hastings advises they take a different route

They spent 15 days hacking through the terrain of the route Hastings suggested The Donner Party was now about 3 weeks behind the Hastings Party & would never catch up

The Donner Party made a few wrong turns and barely made it to the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada Mountains before winter

They had also wasted a lot of precious time backtracking

By the time they reached the Sierra Nevada, winter had arrived early and the Donner Party missed the opportunity to cross the Sierra Nevada by 1 day

The Snow cut them off until early Spring

They built makeshift housing and resorted to cannibalism in order to survive

Rescue Some members of the Donner Party had gone ahead to Sutter’s Fort before the snow had completely cut them off They were able to get help but the snow prevented any rescue attempt until early spring

Statistics of the Donner Party Of the Donner family: George his wife died at the camp, so did his brother Jacob and his wife, and almost all the Donner children James Reed had reached Sutter's fort and led one of the rescue parties.  His family survived  Patrick Breen’s family all survived In total, of the 87 men, women and children in the Donner party, 46 survived, 41 died.

Spring Rescue The rescue parties were horrified at what had happened Few survivors were ever willing to talk about what happened James Reed & daughter Patty

News of the Donner Party News of the Donner’s fate spread all over the U.S. Emigration to CA dropped drastically until gold was found near Sacramento in 1848

1. How did Spain secure their claim to the California Territory? They set up forts every 100 miles along the coast They set up trading ports in San Diego, San Pedro, Monterey, and San Francisco They formed a treaty with England, France, Russia, and the United States They established missions

#2.Why were so many people living in the United States moving west before 1848? Choose all that apply To own land To get away from the recession in the east To search for gold To start a new life Fulfill the belief in Manifest Destiny Profit from trade with Asia

#3 Why were some people attracted to northern California? Because it was easier to get to than Oregon Because of the mild climate Because the Native-Americans were peaceful

#4 Why was California so difficult to reach? Had to sail around south America or cross the Andes to get there Had to either sail around South Africa or cross the Appalachian Mountains to get there Had to travel to Oregon first or sail around South America or cross Panama and risk malaria

#5 Where was the main destination for U.S. emigrants to California? Sutter’s Fort San Francisco Sacramento Los Angeles Monterey

#6 What delayed the Donner Party? They rested too often They got lost and also spent too much time hacking a new path They had to stop due to illness & fatigue

#7 Why did emigration to California drop in the mid 1840s? There weren’t any settlements in California The land was not suitable for farming California was too difficult to reach by ship The fate of the Donner Party scared off potential emigrants

1. How did Spain secure their claim to the California Territory? They set up forts every 100 miles along the coast They set up trading ports in San Diego, San Pedro, Monterey, and San Francisco They formed a treaty with England, France, Russia, and the United States They established missions

#2.Why were so many people living in the United States moving west before 1848? Choose all that apply To own land To get away from the recession in the east To search for gold To start a new life Fulfill the belief in Manifest Destiny Profit from trade with Asia

#3 Why were some people attracted to northern California? Because it was easier to get to than Oregon Because of the mild climate Because the Native-Americans were peaceful

#4 Why was California so difficult to reach? Had to sail around south America or cross the Andes to get there Had to either sail around South Africa or cross the Appalachian Mountains to get there Had to travel to Oregon first or sail around South America or cross Panama and risk malaria

#5 Where was the main destination for U.S. emigrants to California? Sutter’s Fort San Francisco Sacramento Los Angeles Monterey

#6 What delayed the Donner Party? They rested too often They got lost and also spent too much time hacking a new path They had to stop due to illness & fatigue

#7 Why did emigration to California drop in the mid 1840s? There weren’t any settlements in California The land was not suitable for farming California was too difficult to reach by ship The fate of the Donner Party scared off potential emigrants

Answers: D A,B,D,E,F B C A 1848: John Marshall finds Gold on Sutter’s Land

Routes to the West Unit Objective: examine the cause and effects of Independence Movements west & south of the United States; investigate and critique U.S. expansionism under the administrations of Van Buren, Harrison, Tyler, & Polk.

Routes to the West Map Exercise Turn to the map in your unit packet titled Routes to the West which shows the main trails followed by people traveling to the Southwest, Oregon, and California during the early and mid-1800s.

Routes to the West 1: Independence 5: Independence 2: Nauvoo Rock Print the following place names next to the corresponding numbers: 1: Independence 2: Nauvoo 3: Fort Kearney 4: Fort Laramie 5: Independence Rock 6: Fort Bridger 7: Salt Lake City 8: Fort Hall

Routes to the West 9: Fort Boise 12: Sacramento 10: Whitman Print the following place names next to the corresponding numbers: 9: Fort Boise 10: Whitman Mission 11: Vancouver 12: Sacramento 13: Bent’s Fort 14: Santa Fe 15: Los Angeles

Routes to the West Trace the Santa Fe Trail by connecting the 16’s between Independence and Santa Fe. Print Santa Fe Trail next to it.

Routes to the West Connect the 17’s between Santa Fe and Los Angeles, and label it the Old Spanish Trail

Routes to the West Trace the dotted line which shows the Mormon Trail from Nauvoo to Salt Lake City. Print Mormon Trail next to it. Label the Great Salt Lake GREAT SALT LAKE

Routes to the West Trace the Oregon Trail by connecting the number 18’s between Independence and Vancouver. Print Oregon Trail next to it. Print Willamette Valley just below Vancouver. Label the South Pass between Independence Rock and Fort Bridger Willamette Valley South Pass

Routes to the West Connect the 19’s, and label the California Trail. Print Donner Pass northeast of Sacramento. Print Sacramento Valley south of Sacramento. Sacramento Valley

Routes to the West Label the Rocky Mountains (from Texas to Oregon) and the Sierra Nevada Mountains (northeast of Sacramento). Rocky Mountains Sierra Nevada

Routes to the West Color/ lightly shade the map: Blue: Great Lakes, Rio Grande, Pacific Coast, Atlantic Coast, & Gulf of Mexico Coast Atlantic Pacific Gulf of Mexico

Routes to the West Color / lightly shade the map: Anything but blue: Mexico & Canadian borders Canada Mexico

Routes to the West Color / lightly shade the map: Anything but colors already used: The United States