Navtej S. Bains, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana Linking and leveraging SeeD resources in Indian wheat breeding program- prospects and future Navtej S. Bains, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

Hallmark of wheat improvement Dwarfing Genes Winter wheat x spring wheat crosses Synthetic hexaploids introgression PBW621 PBW343 Kalyansona Strategic germplasm development: Hallmark of wheat improvement

Fifty years of selection in a similar direction Responsiveness to inputs Greater investment in productive rather than protective features Adaptation to well managed environments Avoidance rather than tolerance Adaptation to broad environments rather than niches

The need for new adaptations Depleting water resources Environmental ceiling on N Use Non renewable fertilizers running out Climate change and perturbations Genetic shifts in disease causing flora Emergence of new diseases and pests

Proliferation of breeding objectives New nutritional targets Grain micronutrients and their availability Gluten intolerance Resistant starch- Low Glycemic index Elimination of toxic compounds such as Acrylamide Adaptation to conservation agriculture Seedling emergence traits Root plasticity for micro-environmental moisture variations Suitability for early planting in residual moisture of rice fields Processing needs Product specific wheats -Low PPO, waxy starch, naturally colored wheat Out-crossing traits for hybrid wheat, haploid inducers etc.

genetic resources which pre-date the green revolution sieve Germplasm options? Tapping into genetic resources which pre-date the green revolution sieve The need for new adaptations Proliferation of breeding objectives Many technologies now converging to make it possible

Indian wheat breeding program: Use of pre green revolution materials Best bets –landraces and synthetic hexaploids Access –Indian landraces and pre dwarfing era landrace derivatives A wider pool –Mexican landraces, Iranian landraces, Synthetic hexaploids Germplasm – CIMMYT ‘s SeeD program Centres in India –IIWBR, IARI, PAU, GBPUAT, HPKV, BISA

Mobilization of resistance Stripe and leaf rust resistance in Mexican landraces Mobilization of resistance Identified donor Stripe rust score Leaf rust score Recipient parent Cross status MICH89.3.19 5S PBW 621 BC1F1 TXL92.6.6.1 10S TXL92.9.2.2 OAX93.6.25 OAX93.19.10 OAX93.21.43 COAH94.1.73 COAH94.1.124 COAH94.1.119 HGO 04.10.109 PBW 343 F2

HD 2967 MEXICAN LAND RACE HD 3086 MICH89.3.11 16% PEG Control 14% PEG 16% PEG Control 14% PEG Control 14% PEG 16% PEG

Mobilization of resistance Stripe and leaf rust resistance in Iranian land race set (249 accessions) Mobilization of resistance Identified donor Stripe rust score Recipient parent Cross status IWA 8600427 PBW 343 BC1F1 IWA 8600162 HD 2967 F2 IWA 8600416 IWA 8600527 IWA 8600542 5S IWA 8600883 IWA 8613848 IWA 8606314 IWA 8612066 IWA 8614061

Preliminary identification of drought tolerant lines in Iranian land race set (249 accessions) : contributing components under drought stress

Screening for root growth after germinating half seeds in micronutrient depleted sand culture TL 2908 WH 1105

Stripe rust reaction of LTP lines (2015-16) Linked top cross population based on exotic introgression in elite CIMMYT lines: 1028 entries Tested under disease free conditions at BISA, Ladhowal Screened for rust resistance at PAU, Ludhiana Stripe rust reaction of LTP lines (2015-16)

Performance of LTP lines in yield screening nursery at BISA, Ladhowal (2015-16) KACHU BORL100

Ten top yielding LTP lines showed yield range of Performance of rust resistant LTP lines in yield screening nursery at BISA, Ladhowal (2015-16) LTP No. GID Stripe Rust Leaf Rust Heading Days Yield (Kg/ha) Ranking for yield 39 7640854 88 5360 21 321 7642473 90 4980 54 251 7642074 95 4780 79 781 7644194 94 4760 85 1022 7646011 93 4640 105 40 7640857 4440 160 775 7644155 4400 173 300 7642371 97 4320 208 310 7642417 91 4240 240 36 7640848 4180 262 Ten top yielding LTP lines showed yield range of 7320 to 5500 kg/ha

Landrace/Synthetic hexaploid donors identified for stripe rust resistance in LTP lines Ae.tauschii (accessions 452, 323,320, 442) Ae.searsii (34D) IG 126482 IG 42158 KE90-282 TK SN1081/AE.SQUARROSA (690) Majority of donors with genes effective against Indian but not Mexican stripe rust race(s)

Germplasm utilization: a paradigm shift The utilization channel will now essentially go from germplasm to genes to recipients The scope and flexibility of gene based transfers is vastly superior Discovered traits/genes link into a growing knowledge base- greater power to further germplasm utilization Time to think big on germplasm utilization

Wheat field with rising sun VINCENT VAN GOGH Acknowledgements CIMMYT SeeD project BISA, Ladhowal Student projects-PAU, Ludhiana THANK YOU