AP European History Mr. Meester 523-532 Atlantic Slave Trade AP European History Mr. Meester 523-532

The Plantation System The basic unit of colonial North & South America was a self-sufficient farming estate. Most were granted as royal charters. Spanish charters included the right of encomiendas. The right to demand labor for Natives. Death rate in Peruvian mines as high as 90% Due to the need for increased labor supplies, the slave trade began during the 1500s. Plantation economies based on slave labor had a huge impact on social & economic history

Brazil, The Indies, & Sugar In Brazil & West Indies far more slaves were imported than in North America Slaves outnumbered white colonists Slavery expanded greatly during the 1700s in regions that grew sugar and other cash crops It is estimated that over 9 million Africans were transported to the New World. Due to the high mortality rates in the colonies, there was a constant need for more slaves from Africa. Big social impact

Slave Trade Leading Slave Trading Nations by century Portuguese & Spanish, then the Dutch, then English The Triangle of Trade Europe-Africa-Americas Most African slaves were sold to Europeans by African Passage to the New World was devastating. Many ships lost over 40% of their slaves in passage Cheaper than trying to raise slave children to adulthood.

Slave Treatment Native Languages and Culture impacted life on the plantation Individual treatment differed Portuguese treated their slaves the worst In Spanish colonies the Church protected the slaves somewhat but spent more effort in protecting the Native Indians. British and French colonies provided some protection but was rarely enforced. Laws passed to maintain order fear of a slave revolt laws favored the masters over the slaves in all situations.

Emancipation Movement The abolitionist movement began in Britain and France during the Enlightenment. Abolished in the French colonies in 1794. Britain abolished slave trading in 1807. The Latin American wars for independence during the early 1800s brought an end to slavery in many countries. Began in Haiti with a revolution against France lead by Toussaint L’Ouverture Series of revolution throughout South and Central America American “Emancipation Proclamation” of 1863.