Cells… The building blocks of life
The Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells Cells only arise from pre-existing cells. The cell is the basic unit of life.
Robert Hooke English Naturalist Was the first to use the term cell. Looked at cork cells under the compound microscope.
Prokaryote (pro means NO) Have no formed nucleus Are unicellular (single celled organisms) Are very disorganized. Bacteria are prokaryotes
Eukaryote Have a Nucleus Have cell membrane bound organelles Are very organized. Can be singular or multi-cellular. Animal and plant cells are both eukaryotic
The Cell Membrane Controls movements into and out of the cell Helps maintain the shape of the cell.
Cytoplasm Jelly-like material which contains materials involved in cell metabolism. Gives the cell its shape
Chromosomes They are found in the nucleus. Chromosomes contain the genes that determine an organisms characteristics.
The Nucleus and The Nucleolus Serves as the control center of the cell and contains Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Nucleolus- Contains RNA Nuclear membrane – Control what goes in or out of the Nucleus.
Mitochondria Power House of The Cell. Creates energy rich molecules for the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum Transports materials throughout the cell. Rough ER contains Ribosome's. Smooth ER has no Ribosome's Transports materials throughout the cell.
Ribosome's Grain like Structures Sites of protein synthesis
Golgi Bodies Packages and secretes the proteins made by the Ribosome's.
The Centrioles Involved in cell division Are found inside the nucleus.
Lysosomes Powerful chemicals that break things down.
Vacuoles Store food and water. Are much larger in plant cells.
Chlorophyll and Chloroplasts Their main role is to conduct photosynthesis Contains the green pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight Found mainly in plant cells
Cell Wall It surrounds the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. A major function of the cell wall is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell.
Differences between the 2 Cells Animal Cell Plant Cell Circular Shape Rectangular Shape No Cell Wall Cell Wall present No chloroplast/chlorophyll Chloroplast and chlorophyll Small Vacuoles One large vacuole Movement No movement Can’t make his their own food Can make own food (photosynthesis)