Planets

Solar System

Universe

Gravity

Stars

Test Questions.

Planets Solar System Universe Gravity Stars Test Qs $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

What is the order of the inner planets from Sun to the Asteroid Belt

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

What is the order of the outer planets from the Asteroid Belt to the Kuiper Belt?

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

What are the properties of the inner planets?

Warmer Solid Made of rock and metal More Dense Few or no Moons Smaller- less gravity Shorter orbit No Rings

What are the properties of the outer planets?

Colder Made of Ice and gas Less Dense Many Moons Larger- more gravity Farther From the Sun Longer orbit Rings

What is the reason why the inner planets have different properties and composition then the outer planets?

Temperature (gas giants formed further from the sun so they are made of ice. If these formed close to the sun then they would “melt away”

What are the units of how we measure distance within the solar system?

Astronomical Units (AU)

What is the area of the solar system that separates the inner planets from the outer ones, the source of asteroids, and is comprised of mostly rock/metal bodies called?

Asteroid Belt

What is the area of the solar system that is beyond the orbit of the outer planets, the source of comets, and is comprised of mostly frozen ices/gases as well as several dwarf planets

Kuiper Belt

What are the differences between asteroids and comets?

asteroids: from asteroid belt, made of rock/ metal, millions in number comets: from Kuiper Belt, made of ices, less than 4000 known

According to the Nebular Hypothesis, gravity turned hydrogen into what celestial body and then the dust/ simple matter into what?

hydrogen fused together into helium to make our sun dust/simple matter combined to make planetesimals and then planets

What are the units of how we measure distance within the universe?

Light Year

Off all the things we know about the universe, what is the only thing we can actually measure and observe to understand more?

EM energy

What is the instrument that gathers electromagnetic radiation from objects in space and concentrates it for better observation?

Telescopes

What is the difference between optical and non-optical telescopes?

Optical can only see visible light whereas non optical can see all EM energies EXCEPT visible light (6 types of non optical). Most non-optical are placed in space since earth’s atmosphere protects us from most outside EM energies.

When we observe the universe we observe EM energies When we observe the universe we observe EM energies. What is similar to all EM energy and different about them?

Similarities: All travel at the speed of light (same speed) and each EM particle has the same composition/properties Differences: each EM energy has a unique frequency (repeats more often or less often), each EM energy needs a unique telescope to observe it

What is the definition of gravity?

The force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses and the distance between them

What 3 things does the universal law of gravitation state?

distance affects gravity energy exists mass affects gravity distance affects gravity

Why does the moon orbit the earth rather than the sun Why does the moon orbit the earth rather than the sun? (The sun has sooo much mass!)

The distance between the earth and moon is less and the closer the distance, the greater the gravitational force.

Why do we fall toward earth rather than another large mass on earth (like a elephant)?

Earth has the most mass and the more mass, the greater the gravitational force.

What 2 things can I do to INCREASE gravitational force?

increase mass OR decrease distance

What is the name of the process that forms heavy elements from atoms like hydrogen and powers the sun?

Fusion

What are the different types of “dead” stars and what type of star did each originate from?

white dwarf (from a small star) neutron star (from a large star) black hole (from a really large star)

Starting with a stellar nebula, what is the life cycle of a small star?

stellar nebular → small star → red giant → planetary nebula → white dwarf

Starting with a stellar nebula, what is the life cycle of a large star?

neutron star or black hole stellar nebular → large star→ super red giant → super nova→ neutron star or black hole

Why do stars choose the life path (large or small) that they do Why do stars choose the life path (large or small) that they do? Do large or small stars live longer?

Path determined by mass of nebula. The more mass the more gravity and the more gravity the heavier the elements that can fuse to make bigger elements. Once one stage “runs out” of a type of element to fuse then it moves to the next stage of its life. Smaller stars live longer than large stars.

What does the universal law of gravitation apply to?

Everything in the universe

What is the relationship between AU from the sun a planet’s year time?

(takes longer to travel around the sun the further away it is) more AU= longer year (takes longer to travel around the sun the further away it is)

What point along this orbital path is gravity for planet “P” greatest What point along this orbital path is gravity for planet “P” greatest? Where is it the least? S= sun

A= least gravitational force B= most gravitational force

Place the steps of the Nebular Hypothesis in order from 1st to last Formation of the Solar system Random matter brought together by gravity planets Planetesimals Sun

1- Random matter brought together by gravity 4- planets 3- Planetesimals 2- Sun

A student is making a poster to represent the scale of the solar system. If the student draws the Kuiper Belt and Sun so that they are 100cm apart, then how far will Earth be in centimeters from the Sun?

1 AU (for earth)/50 AU (sun to KB)= X cm/ 100cm solve for X (1 x 100) = 50 x X X= (1 *100) / 20 X= 2 cm

Double Jeopardy!!

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Daily Double!!

Why is volume measured in cm3? (be specific) Final Jeopardy Equations Why is volume measured in cm3? (be specific)

l x w x h m x m x m=m3