CHAPTER 12 REPRODUCTION P.317-324 HW QUESTIONSP.324 #1-6

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION 1 PARENT PRODUCING OFFSPRING TYPES: BINARY FISSION BUDDING FRAGMENTATION VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION PARTHGENESIS

BINARY FISSION DIVIDING INTO TWO SUCH AS PARAMECIUM/AMOEBA OF THE PROTIST KINGDOM

BUDDING PIECES (BUDS) BREAK OFF AND FORM NEW ORGANISMS SUCH AS YEAST, A FUNGUS AND HYDRA, AN AQUATIC ANIMAL

FRAGMENTATION BREAKING INTO TWO PIECES AND GROWING INTO A NEW ONE SUCH AS PLANARIA, A FLATWORM

VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION FRAGMENTATION IN PLANTS SUCH AS ALOE

PARTHOGENESIS UNFERTILIZED EGG WILL DEVELOP WITHOUT FERTILIZATION FROM THE MALE SUCH AS IN BEES AND SOME LIZARDS

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION TWO PARENTS PRODUCE AN OFFSPRING SUCH AS IN MOSTPLANTS AND ANIMALS

SPERM AND EGG CELLS 4 SPERM ARE PRODUCED IN HUMAN MALES WHICH IS CALLED SPERMATOGENESIS 1 EGG AND 3 POLAR BODIES ARE PRODUCED IN HUMAN FEMALES WHICH IS CALLED OOGENESIS

BOTH SPERM AND EGGS ARE CALLED GAMETES AND CARRY THE HAPLOID NUMBER (n) OF CHROMOSOMES IN AN ORGANISM (23 IN HUMANS) FERTILIZED EGG IS FORMED WHEN THEY MEET (CALLED A ZYGOTE) IT CARRIES DIPLOID NUMBER (2n) OF CHROMOSOMES (46 IN HUMANS)

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES THE TWO CHROMOSOMES IN A PAIR (ONE IS FROM THE MOTHER CALLED MATERNAL AND ONE IS FROM THE FATHER CALLED PATERNAL)

MEIOSIS THE FORMATION OF SEX CELLS (SPERM OR EGG) IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS THAT REPRODUCE SEXUALLY (WHERE 2 NUCLEI OF SEPARATE CELLS FUSE INTO ONE)

CHARACTERISTICS 1. CELLS DIVIDE TWICE BUT CHROMOSOMES ARE NOT DUPLICATED AFTER THE FIRST DIVISION (THIS HALVES THE NUMBER FROM 2n TO n OR FROM DIPLOID46 TO HAPLOID23) 2. A RANDOM MIXTURE OF MATERNAL AND PATERNAL CHROMOSOMES ARE DISTRIBUTED TO EACH GAMETE 3. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES PAIR WHICH IS KNOWN AS SYNAPSIS OCCURS IN THE FIRST DIVISION (DURING THE PROPHASE 1 STAGE) ALLOWS THE EXCHANGE OF GENES CALLED CROSSING OVER 4. FOUR HAPLOID CELLS ARE PRODUCED AT THE END OF THE PROCESS

MEIOSIS I

MEIOSIS II

TYPES OF REPRODUCTION QUIZ 25 MULTIPLE CHOICE WITH DIAGRAMS (MEIOSIS, SPERMATOGENESIS, ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION) 1 SHORT ANSWER (3 PTS) 2 BONUS QUESTIONS (2 PTS. EA.) (*SEE HOMEWORK FOR ALL THREE*)