Unit 4- Mixture and Compounds

Model So Far….. Everything has been a simple “pure” particle…..

REVIEW FROM UNIT 1 Matter is anything made of atoms. c Matter is anything made of atoms. Matter has observable and measurable qualities. Two basic types of properties of matter: physical properties and chemical properties. All matter can undergo change: physical change or chemical change Point out thing in the room, everything that you point at is matter

Properties REVIEW FROM UNIT 1 Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance (use your senses). Chemical properties are determined by the make-up of a substance (only evident at the particle level).

Change RIVIEW FROM UNIT 1 Physical change- the original substance still exists (its particles are still the same); it has simply changed form. Chemical change- takes place on the molecular level and produces a new substance (chemical changes are accompanied by physical changes) (hard to undo).

Water vs. Ethanol Property Water Ethanol Appearance Odor Flammability Density Melting Point Boiling Point

What happens to the properties if I mix water and ethanol? Solubility? Density? Boiling points? Physical Change, not chemical

What happens if I mix sulfur (S) and iron (Fe) together? Chemical Change 2 min video

Change and Properties Physical change – mixed two particles together, but no reaction. Some properties are the same as the original substance (MP and BP), and other are a mix of those properties (density). Chemical change – mixed particles react to form a new product. All the physical and chemical properties have changes.

Is the new product a mixture? “Elemental” “Compounded”

Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup

Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup A type of matter Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Characteristics of mixture Homogenous- “homo” same or alike Heterogeneous- “hetero” different Point out that they already have learned these prefix during our genetic unit.

A type of matter Homogeneous Heterogeneous Heterogeneous Mixture Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Heterogeneous Mixture

Heterogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous mixtures – are composed of large pieces that are easily separated by physical means. You can see with your eyes (you might need a microscope for some) that the composition is not the same throughout Components are distinguishable Examples: fruit salad, vegetable soup, etc. Point out that they already have learned these prefix during our genetic unit. Demo 1

Heterogeneous Mixture Point out that they already have learned these prefix during our genetic unit.

A type of matter Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixture Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

Homogenous Mixture Homogenous mixtures – looks the same throughout but can be separated by physical means. If you break a piece of homogeneous matter into smaller pieces, each piece will have the same properties as every other small piece. If you look at one of the pieces under a microscope, it is impossible to distinguish one part as being a different material from any other part. Examples: air and glass

Homogenous Mixture

A type of matter Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixture Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Solution

Solution = Homogenous mixture Everyday definition Answer to a problem A type of liquid Chemistry Solution – uniform mixture that can contain solid, liquid, or gases Solution = Homogenous mixture They are synonyms

How a solution is made? Solution consist of a solvent and solute. Solvent – the substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution; most plentiful substance in the solution. Solute- one or more substance dissolved in a solution.

Important vocabulary Soluble Insoluble How a solution is made? Important vocabulary Soluble Insoluble

A type of matter Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixture Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Solution Solvent + Solute

A type of matter Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Solution Solvent + Solute

Pure Substance Pure Substance – Consists of only one component with definite physical and chemical properties.

A type of matter Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Element Solution Solvent + Solute

Element Elements – composed of 1 type of atom

A type of matter Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Solution Solvent + Solute

Compound Compound – is composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

A type of matter Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Can be separated using physical means. Compound Element Solution Can be separated only by chemical means. Solvent + Solute

Make a 4 column T chart Element Compound Homo. Mixture Heter. Mixture Pure Substances Mixtures Element Compound Homo. Mixture Heter. Mixture Have student write their guess down then go over it as a class.

Example for T chart Water Ethanol Water mixed with ethanol Sulfur Iron Iron Sulfide Sugar Sea Water Vegetable Soup Orange Juice Have student write their guess down then go over it as a class.

BIG IDEA Everything has been a simple “pure” particle….. But now we need to illustrate matter as either a mixture (homo/hetero) or a pure substance (compound/element).

Separating Techniques The primary concept of chemistry is the classification of matter. You have learned that matter can be a pure substance or a mixture that is homogenous or heterogeneous.

A type of matter Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Examples: steel, air, water, vegetable soup Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Solution Solvent + Solute

Why is this important to understand separation techniques? Separating Techniques Why is this important to understand separation techniques? Bad Water Discuss jobs that work with making solutions/purify solutions

Separating Techniques Settling Used to separate substances with different weights Sifting Used to sort solids by size.

Separating Techniques Decanting: Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid by carefully pouring off the liquid. Based upon differences in density.

Separating Techniques Filtration Used to separate a liquid and an insoluble solid. Alum Added to a liquid to promotes coagulation of suspended particles which is then filtered.

Separation Techniques Evaporation: Used to separation of a liquid and a soluble solid.

Separation Techniques Crystallization: Slow formation of a solid from a warm solution that is cooled.

Separation Techniques Distillation: Used to separation two miscible liquids, that have different boiling points. If two liquids are miscible they form a homogeneous mixture when added together. Miscible = Mix It is made possible due to the fact that each liquid has its unique boiling point. 5 min video Crude Oil

Separation Techniques Separating Funnel: used in separate the two immiscible liquids with different densities. "water is immiscible with suntan oil” “alcohol is miscible with water”

Separation Techniques Magnetism: used to separate out any substance based on its magnetic properties.

Separation Techniques Paper Chromatography: used to separate soluble substances from one another based upon differences in size as a solvent moves over paper.

Defining a process with word you don’t know Miscible Immiscible Soluble Insoluble

Why is this important How is your drinking water cleaned? 5 min.