Automated Drive: A Reality Check Doug Patton Executive Vice President & Chief Technology Officer DENSO International America, Inc. June 18, 2015

Automated Drive Technology ALL the time. Technology has to work Every time. 100 percent of the time. And in ALL conditions. 99 percent of the time is [NOT an option]

Automated Drive Obstacles [ ] There are three basic obstacles: 1) Address the Technology challenges 2) Consumer acceptance, which is easier said than done 3) Address liability/ litigation issues, some of which are ethical issues Current obstacle is to focus on technical side – and we believe we can overcome these obstacles – it just may take some time. If the obstacle is to ensure technology works all the time, every time, 100 percent of the time, and in all conditions, then we have a lot of testing and validation to do. Technology cannot work 99 percent of the time.   Next is consumer acceptance. First part of consumer acceptance is going to be early in stages of autonomous drive. During level 3 & 4, we’ll need to understand consumer’s driving expectations and preferences and calibrate the driving experience to match that. As we move toward fully operated vehicles, level 4 & 5, there will be standards in place for driving, speed, lane changes, etc. We believe it’s a good idea to put education programs in place. Moving to fully automated vehicles will be a gradual process for the industry. And we believe educating consumers will be a gradual process too. We’re not going to get to fully automated vehicles overnight. There are different levels we must pass through. Levels 3&4 will be critical levels where drivers will need to be educated and understand the in and out of the loop process.

Must Focus on the Human Element Focusing on the Human Element will be critical as we move to Automated Vehicles Moving to automated vehicles ultimately eliminates the human element from driving. But, to pass through the various levels to reach autonomous drive, it’s critical we focus on the Human element in levels 3&4. No one is talking about how important the human factor of levels 3&4 are and it’s a huge part of consumer acceptance.  

Who is DENSO? Global Supplier of Advanced Automotive Technology, Systems and Components with $35.9 Billion in Sales (As of March 31, 2015) Systems Provider Powertrain Control System Engine management system, Gasoline direct injection, Hybrid components, Starter, Alternator, etc. Thermal Systems Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC), Compressor, Heat exchangers, Battery thermal management, etc. Information & Communications Systems Instrument cluster, Head-up display, Human machine interface technologies, Horn, Keyless entry, Wireless phone charger, etc. Driving Control & Safety Systems Passive safety technologies, Airbag sensing system, Active safety technologies, Traction control system, Antilock braking system, etc.

Automated Connected Vehicle Environment Millimeter-Wave Radar Image Sensor V2X Cloud Satellite Sonar HUD Cockpit System V2X Onboard Unit Navigation DCM

SAE Definition of Autonomous Drive Human like Artificial Intelligence OEM evolution towards autonomous vehicles Levels 4 & 5 are challenging SAE Level 0 No Automation SAE Level 1 Driver Assistance Ex: ACC SAE Level 2 Partial Automation SAE Level 3 Conditional (Driver in the loop) SAE Level 4 High Ex: Normal Dynamic Driving SAE Level 5 Full Ex: All Weather In the next three years we’ll see continued driver assistance. In the next 5-7 years, we may see some automated vehicles out there. But, we’ll see more driver assistance technologies that’s related to driver comfort and convenience. You’ll see technology that reduces driver stress, help manage workload, and helps give drivers what they want. This technology is also strongly tied to our focus in levels 3&4. No control Full control

Driver in/out of the Loop Vehicle moving into Automated Vehicle mode Vehicle moving OUT of AV mode Manual Control Driver in/out of the Loop I wanted to give everyone an example of just what does “Driver in the Loop” mean. Scene 1 shows a driver just about to get on the highway driving manually. Scene 2 shows the driver on the highway. Scene 3 shows when the conditions are right the car enters autonomous mode and the driver starts working on a task(Say putting finishing touches on an SAE presentation driving down the Lodge.) In scene 3 the driver has to be somewhat engaged to be alerted to take back the controls in case conditions change. This is what is meant by driver in the loop. Being able to take back over when conditions change. Scene 4 shows the driver taking back over as they exit the highway.

HMI Systems Approach: Driver Environment The Driver’s Physical Condition Stress Level Habits Mood First we have to look INSIDE the vehicle and focus on the driver When we look at the cabin and the HMI system approach, first we have to look INSIDE the vehicle and focus on the driver. So the question is how do you take all of the information from the environment and these sensors, and the infrastructure to control the vehicle, yet monitor the driver to ensure they will still be engaged to take back over to control the vehicle safely. That is what needs to be done with an HMI system for a Level 3 or 4 level vehicle to make sure a driver can get back into the loop.

HMI Technology to Support Automated Drive Outside Environment Sensors HMI Manager Center Information Display Center Panel Connectivity Head-up Display Cluster Driver Status System Haptic Controls Gesture Technology Voice Recognition Other Hands-Free Solutions will help achieve Autonomous Drive Remote Security Wireless Charger Dedication Communication Module (DCM) Vehicle-to-Vehicle & Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Unit 360o situational awareness using technology to understand environment inside and outside of vehicle

HMI Technology to Support Automated Drive Outside Environment Sensors HMI Manager Center Information Display Center Panel Connectivity Head-up Display Cluster Driver Status System Haptic Controls Gesture Technology Voice Recognition Other Hands-Free Solutions will help achieve Autonomous Drive Remote Security Wireless Charger Dedication Communication Module (DCM) Vehicle-to-Vehicle & Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Unit 360o situational awareness using technology to understand environment inside and outside of vehicle

Understanding Driver Workload/Attention DENSO created Elevate Lab to better understand Driver Workload/Attention Goal: To develop HMI manager product that anticipates drivers needs Right now we’re focusing to two aspects of this: We’ve established an R&D lab, called Elevate Lab at our Southfield, Michigan headquarters, with the intention to better understand driver workload and attention. Our goal here is to develop a human machine interface manager product that is able to anticipate driver’s needs. This product will take all the information coming into the vehicle (from the cloud, satellite, radar/sensors, V2X, etc. about traffic, driving situation, road condition, pedestrians, weather etc.) and also take all information from inside of vehicle (radio, cluster, driver information, passenger). It will then manage the info and decide if and how information is provided to driver and in what form. For example, if driver is in too stressful of situation to take an incoming phone call, the HMI manager would assess the situation and make decision to automatically divert call. Essentially, this HMI manager would be the driver’s personal driving assistant. It will know driver’s preferences, workload limitations and attentiveness. This research and product will be important in getting the driver in and out loop, which is human factor of levels 3&4

Understanding Driver Workload/Attention Consortium GOAL: To establish a common methodology to measure driver workload/attention Members Include: Honda, Subaru and Jaguar Land Rover, DENSO, MIT AgeLab, Touchstone Evaluations Attention Workload   Also, we’ve a partnered with MIT Age Labs and Touchstone Evaluations to establish a consortium with called AHEAD. Goal is to establish a common methodology to measure driver attention and workload. Again, this is a critical part moving through level 3&4. Let’s explain why having this methodology is important and how it relates to levels 3&4

Job of Human Machine Interface Manager Seamless Relationship with the Machine is Necessary for Customer Acceptance

Automated Connected Vehicle Environment Millimeter-Wave Radar Image Sensor V2X Cloud Satellite Sonar HUD Cockpit System V2X Onboard Unit Navigation DCM

V2X Will Happen First Vehicle-to-Vehicle, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Real-time information beyond line of sight DENSO has been working on V2X technology since 2003 Enabling communications from the vehicle to neighboring vehicles, infrastructure and pedestrians V2X will come first. It will happen before automated drive. Now from just outside the vehicle to beyond the line of sight. V2x provides real time information for autonomous vehicles by interfacing with other vehicles and the infrastructure. This takes a lot of collaboration within the industry to accomplish this communication.

V2X Will Happen First Impact of Market Share with V2X equipped vehicles 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% % vehicles involved in Incidents 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% V2X will come first. It will happen before automated drive. It may take 10 years to fully deploy, but it won’t take 10 years to have an impact on safety and help dramatically decrease accidents % Market Share of V2V enabled Vehicles Kattan, M. F. (2010). Evaluating the Potential Benefits of Vehicle to Vehicle Communication (V2V) under Incident Conditions in PARAMICS Model. cvt-project.ir. Calgary, Canada: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTKCXLvUcjo

Cyber Security Automotive Consortium For Embedded Security Automotive Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) Implementing Internal Processes DENSO joined the Automotive Consortium for Embedded Security, which intends to monitor and share threats and industry research, develop an understanding of industry problems and associated risks and give input for emerging safety and security regulations and standards. Also, it’s our understanding the government (USDOT) is looking to put together an Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) to specifically address cyber security issues in the automotive industry. Also, ISAC will share information learned from the Financial, Internet and Aviation sectors that apply to addressing similar issues/challenged in the automotive sector.   It’s important for DENSO to be part of these consortiums and organizations so we can understand and identify cyber security threats. Information sharing amongst OEMs and suppliers is critical so we can develop barriers and resistance as an industry. In addition, internally we’re putting programs and processes in place to address cyber security. Our focus is to ensure public safety. To do this we have to understand requirements, understand threats and how to identify threats. We’ll have to put a process in place for any product/technology designs that have coding. Then we’ll have to go through rigorous tests and analysis. We already have a similar process in place for testing and validating safety technologies.

Industry PARTNERSHIPS Academia Automakers Government Collaboration Collaboration between Industry, Academia and Government is required for successful Full Autonomous Vehicle implementation through common issue resolution. Industry Automakers PARTNERSHIPS Suppliers BUSINESSES Government Academia As I mentioned before, there are a lot of common issues to resolve. No one company can implement Fully Automated vehicles on their own. To help in this, DENSO recently joined the Mobility Transformation Center at the University of Michigan with a number of other industry partners. Working with these other companies to research and resolve these common issues will help fully autonomous vehicles be realized sooner.

Collaboration Michigan Technology Center MTC Founders OEM Tier-1 Ford Motor Co. General Motors Co. Toyota Motor Co. Honda Motor Co., Ltd Nissan Motor Co., Ltd Tier-1 DENSO Corporation Delphi Automotive PLC Robert Bosch LLC Non-Automotive Qualcomm Verizon State Farm Automobile Xerox Corp. Iteris, Inc. MDOT partners with GM, Ford and MTC on country's largest deployment of connected and AD and highway technologies

Conclusion Seamless Experience A Take Time Is Going to

Thank You Thank you very much.