ready Acids and Bases

pH Scale

pH Scale pH is a logarithmic scale “The power of hydrogen” The scale goes from 0-14 A substance with a pH of 6 is ten times more acidic than one with a pH of 7 There are strong acids and bases but concentration determines how dangerous All substances can be listed as acid, base, or neutral

ACIDS Release H+ ions in water (sometimes called protons) These ions (protons): conduct electricity dissolve metals taste sour The more readily an acid releases ions, the stronger it is and better conductor

BASES Takes more protons from a solution than it releases May produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution Slippery Can be viewed as the chemical “opposite” of an acid

hydrochloric acid tomato juice blood limewater gastric juices coffee baking soda coca cola sodium hydroxide milk of magnesia wine toothpaste vinegar pure water oven cleaner bleach lemon juice rain water salty water urine

ACIDIC ALKALINE NEUTRAL INDICATORS When an acid is dissolved in water, what kind of solution could it be called ? ACIDIC When a base is dissolved in water, what kind of solution could it be called ? ALKALINE When a solution is neither acidic nor alkaline, what could it be called ? NEUTRAL What name is given to chemicals which can show whether a solution is acidic, alkaline or neutral ? INDICATORS

NEUTRALIZATION When an acid reacts with a base it is called In a neutralization reaction, a salt and water are formed Universal indicator can go any colour in the rainbow

Hydrangeas (natural indicators)

pH- Universal Indicator pH- Hydrion Paper (litmus) Conductivity Solution pH- Universal Indicator pH- Hydrion Paper (litmus) Conductivity (high, medium, low) Lemon Juice   Baking soda solution Vinegar Ammonia Distilled Water