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Grammar 1 Verb Groups Part 2 February 17,18th Voice Mood Tensed/non-tensed HUMMINGBIRD TEXT

 Exercise 1: VGs, polarity, modality Should Children Wear Hats at School? Our class believes that you should wear a hat at school when you are playing outside. Wearing a hat will stop you from getting a sunburn. If you don’t wear a hat you will get sunburnt and this could lead to skin cancer when you’re older. Sunburn is painful. We don’t want you to get skin cancer. We want everyone in our school to wear hats. Process types? Negative Polarity? Modality?

 Exercise 1: VGs, polarity, modality Should Children Wear Hats at School? Our class believes M that you should wear Ma a hat at school when you are playing Ma outside. Wearing a hat will stop Ma you from getting Ma a sunburn. If you don’t wear Ma a hat you will get Ma sunburnt and this could lead R to skin cancer when you’re R older. Sunburn is R painful. We don’t want M you to get Ma skin cancer. We want M everyone in our school to wear Ma hats. Process types?

 Exercise 1: VGs, polarity, modality Our class believes that you should Median wear a hat at school when you are playing outside. Wearing a hat will High stop you from getting a sunburn. If you don’t wear a hat you will High get sunburnt and this could Median lead to skin cancer when you’re older. Sunburn is painful. We don’t want you to get skin cancer. We want everyone in our school to wear hats. Modality? Negative Polarity?

 Exercise 3: Verb categorization   Vs, vo etc. Tensed or Non-tensed Wear a hat! Sunburn is painful. We want everyone to wear a hat. He is playing outside without a hat. Oh no. He has been a very naughty boy.

Vi NT Vs T Vo/ Vi T / NT Ving Ven Wear a hat! Sunburn is painful.   Vs, vo etc. Tensed or Non-tensed Wear a hat! Vi NT Sunburn is painful. Vs T We want everyone to wear a hat. Vo/ Vi T / NT He is playing outside without a hat. Oh no. Ving He has been a very naughty boy. Ven

 Exercise 3: Verb Groups Label the class and function of the following verb groups. Above the wording: F, P; below the wording: aux. lexical Should wear Don’t wear

 Exercise 3: Verb Groups Label the class and function of the following verb groups. Above the wording: F, P; below the wording: aux. lexical F P Should wear (modal) Aux lexical F P Don’t wear aux (negative polarity) lexical

 Exercise 4: Mood Jane Clause Type Order Declarative Subject ^ Finite Your Example Declarative Subject ^ Finite   Interrogative (yes/no) Finite ^ Subject Interrogative (wh-) Wh+ Finite ^ Subject Exlamative Wh + Subject ^Finite Imperative No subject, base form of verb

 Exercise 4: Tense Voice Polarity Sunburn is painful. (change to future tense) She buys him Green Tea ice cream. (change to simple past tense with negative polarity) She bought him two scoops of vanilla. (change to passive voice and retain the tense) He was stuffing his face with it . (change to present tense with perfect (completed) aspect—not progressive)

 Exercise 4: Tense Voice Polarity Sunburn is painful. Sunburn will be/ is going to be painful. She buys him Green Tea ice cream. She did not buy him Green Tea ice cream. She bought him two scoops of vanilla. Two scoops of vanilla were bought for him. He was stuffing his face with it . He has stuffed his face with it.

Break Time 12 minutes

GROUP WORK: Hummingbird Text Rationale: To get everyone involved (interactive) To have a chance to look at other interpretation/ answers So I can also look at your interpretation/answers

Your group will get… An ENLARGED Text Or Experiential Meaning With a focus on: Experiential Meaning Noun groups Verb groups Verb process types Or Interpersonal Meaning 1 Mood Tense/voice Interpersonal Meaning 2 Modality Evaluative language

Experiential meaning The field is built up by species, hummingbird, hum, sing, hover, flapping, backwards… The field consists of words related to hummingbirds especially with regards to their flying. Noun Groups Some are simple consisting of 2-3 elements such as their English name (DR, Class, H; dv adj, n); but some are more complex such as 320 different species of hummingbirds which can be found throughout the Americas which consists of 12 elements, with pre-modifications and post modification (downshifted relative clause) and a different humming sound which is determined by the number of wing beats per second which is comprised of 15 elements. The complexity of these NGs could pose difficulties to some students and would require some instruction.

Experiential Meaning Comment on the noun choices. Are the noun choices academic/non-academic, everyday/non-everyday; concrete/abstract? Experiential meaning is made through every day as well as non-everyday language and language specific to the topic of hummingbirds (technical/scientific). Everyday language examples include: name, hum, and wing. There are also many non-everyday language choices in the NGs which include: backwards, species (more scientific) characteristic hum (pre-modification of the Head); wing beats in which beats is used as a noun rather than a verb (a nominalization). Some of these words would need to be explained to students in lower grades or of lower ability (especially the nominalization). Comment on the verb groups. Are they simple/complex? The verb groups are generally comprised of 1 to three elements. Can be found is an example of a verb group with three elements. F P ----------- Can be Found Modal aux. aux. lexical

EXPERIENTIAL MEANING There are EXISTENTIAL 320 different species of hummingbird which can be found throughout the Americas. Their English name comes RELATIONAL from the characteristic hum made by their rapid wing beats. Each species of hummingbird makes MATERIAL a different humming sound which is determined by the number of wing beats per second. Hummingbirds can hover MATERIAL in mid-air by rapidly flapping their wings 12–90 times per second (depending on the species). They can also fly MATERIAL backwards, and are RELATIONAL the only group of birds able to do so. The text is comprised primarily of Material processes (three) focusing on the action and sound of the bird (what the hummingbird does). There are also two instances of relational process which gives information about the characteristic of the bird (linking attribute to the subject). There is also one instance of existential process which is used to introduce the topic.

Experiential Meaning Logical meaning Comment on the structure of the clauses. Are they simple/basic or more complex? (Give evidence and an explanation). There is one instance of conjoined clauses using “and”. The majority of sentences are simple. The most complexity comes from the complex NGs which would need more explanation. NOUN GROUP DR epithet class H Post-M a different humming sound which is determined by the number of wing beats per second. dv adj participle noun rel clause downshifted  

Interpersonal Meaning   Mood. What is the mood of the text? Declarative/ interrogative/ imperative How does the writer position him/herself through this choice of mood? Declarative mood: S^F The writer positions him/herself as the giver of information.  Tense. What tense/voice is used in the text? What interpersonal meaning does this choice make? The tense is exclusively present simple tense construing current relevance and factual information. This is appropriate for the scientific informational text where time is not relevant The text is involving, close to now in relationship with the reader

Interpersonal Meaning Modality. What evidence of modality is there in the text? How does the writer position the events—factual? Certain? Room for negotiation? Modality is construed by the use of the modal verb “can” and “able”. Can hover; can also fly; able to do: express ability (of the hummingbird) Can be found —expresses probability/likelihood of median value. Other resources used to express modality is the use of “only group” which makes the meaning of exclusivity. The verb tense—present tense—positions the events as true and factual information (bare assertion) with no room for negotiation. Evaluative language. Comment on evaluative wording and the meaning construed by those choices (e.g. subjective/objective etc). The choices made in the text are neutral in evaluation. There are no strongly positive or negative language choices which makes an objective text.

If you want to do really well on the Mid-Term, you will go beyond a simple analysis of the text (beyond just memorizing the “answers” that have been provided in the tutorials).

Tensed/non-tensed, voice, mood Next Plenary Plenary 6 Modality Homework text: Pyramids Tutorials: VGs 2 Tensed/non-tensed, voice, mood Group Work: Exam prep MID TERM EXAM Tutorials: VGs 2 Modality

Check MOODLE for examples. NO TUTORIALS Plenary 8 Adjuncts Prepositional Phrases Plenary 9 Complementation Patterns Tutorials Adjuncts, prepositional phrases QUIZ #2 Tutorials Complementation patterns Plenary 10 PROJECTS DUE Error correction LAST Tutorials Course Evaluation QUIZ #3 NO PLENARY PROJECTS: Find ONE example Make it a good one. Check MOODLE for examples.

NO PLENARY FINAL EXAM

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