Events and Ideas #3 The Repression of the Individual World History Unit 6

Contains: One video with questions

Essential Question Paragraph Considering all of the information in this unit, write five sentences explaining the change in politics in Europe. While writing consider the causes and effects of those political changes.

The Rise of Dictators By 1939, only two major European States – France and Great Britain – remained democratic. Italy, the Soviet Union, Germany and others adopted dictatorial regimes. Both Fascism and Communism shared a lot of the same “dictatorial” or “totalitarian” traits. By 1939, the only two major European States – France and Great Britain – remained democratic. Italy, the Soviet Union, Germany and others adopted dictatorial regimes. Both Fascism and Communism shared a lot of the same “dictatorial” or “totalitarian” traits. First, let’s define what a totalitarian state is…

Features of a Totalitarian State Single-party dictatorship. State control of economy. Police spies and state terrorism. Strict censorship and government control of media. Use of schools and media to indoctrinate and mobilize citizens Unquestioned obedience to a single ruler. 1. Single-party dictatorship. 2. State control of economy. 3. Police spices and state terrorism. 4. Strict censorship and government control of media. 5. Use of schools and media to indoctrinate and mobilize citizens 6. Unquestioned obedience to a single ruler. Many countries embraced fascism and Italy set the standard for fascism that Hitler would soon follow.

Totalitarian state A country with only one political party. People are forced to do what the government tells them. It does away with individual freedoms Examples of counties and leaders: Italy – Benito Mussolini USSR – Joseph Stalin Germany – Adolph Hitler Spain – Francisco Franco China – Mao Zedong

Fascism Video Answers these questions: Stop at 3:27 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUcYU95kCAI&t=118s What overtook the idea that people should have equality? What countries were fascist during the 1930s? How do fascists achieve their political means?

The Fascist State Attempted to control all forms of media. Children in Italy Attempted to control all forms of media. Created Youth Groups to mold the next generation. School textbooks were rewritten to reflect Fascist propaganda. Mussolini used various methods to establish his totalitarian state. 1. Created secret police force, the OVRA. Monitor political activities of individuals and organizations. Enforce government policy. 2. Attempted to control all forms of media. Newspapers, radio, and film. Media used to spread the fascist message. Propaganda was suppose to mold Italians into a community devoted to fascist goals. 3. Created Youth Groups to mold the next generation. By 1939, 66 percent of people between 8 and 18 belong to a Fascist youth group. Members of the group wore military-style uniforms and practiced military drills. Even school textbooks were rewritten to reflect Fascist propaganda. 4. Fascism could not change a lot of traditional attitudes. The family was still the pillar of the state. Women were to be homemakers and mothers. 5. Mussolini never controls the Italian state as much as Hitler ends up controlling the German state. Mussolini did not completely destroy the old regime in Italy. Italian military remained independent of the Fascist state. Catholic church was still a powerful institution in Italy. Even the King Victor Emmanuel III, remained in power. Lots of fascist ideas, but few practices.

Fascism Started by Mussolini as a political party in 1919. Belief that a strong government needed, and must be led by a dictator to impose order. The State is all that matters and the nation is more important than the individual. Benito Mussolini Fascism was strongly anticommunitst.

Fascism Constant conquest -- war -- is a necessity for the glory of that State. Mussolini wrote: “fascism believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of peace” Individualism makes countries weak. A strong government and leader is needed to secure society. Great nations grow in power through military expansion. Partners in Fascism

Nazism After WWI many new political parties immerged. One was the National Socialist German Workers Party or the Nazi’s It was a nationalistic, and anticommunist political party. They wanted all Germans under one government, and believed that Germans needed more “lebensraum” or living space. They believed that blond haired, blue eyed Germans were the master race “Aryans”. The party tried to take over Germany in 1923 but failed.

*Notice the ages of the people on the truck Nazism Propaganda 1934 Hitler propaganda *Notice the ages of the people on the truck

Nuremberg Laws Excluded Jews from German citizenship Marriage between Jews and German citizens was forbidden. Jews were required to wear yellow Stars of David Jews were defined by if he or she had a Jewish grandparent.

Kristallnacht November 9, 1938 was first major attack on the Jewish people in Germany. It is called Kristallnacht and means “night of shattered glass” The Nazis boke the windows of Jewish stores, robbed them, and burnt them down. They burned down 200 Jewish synagogues

Kristallnacht All told, they destroyed 8,000 Jewish businesses **Imagine this: 8,000 businesses in Lake Elsinore, Murrieta and Temecula burnt down. Would there be anything left? **Image 200 churches in the same area burned down…

Kristallnacht More than 100 Jews were killed 30,000 Jewish males were sent to concentration camps

-April 28, 1938. -This newspaper article describes a decree passed that stated all Jewish people had to give the German government all their fortunes and property. -April 28, 1938. -This decree was made to encourage the emigration of Jewish people from Germany.

Essential Question Paragraph Considering all of the information in this unit, write five sentences explaining the change in politics in Europe. While writing consider the causes and effects of those political changes.