The Cell and The Chemistry of Living Things Unit Two The Cell and The Chemistry of Living Things

The Chemistry of Living Things Anything that has mass and takes up space What is this referring to? A. Matter

Atom Definition: The smallest unit of matter Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Atoms are made of 3 particles:

Subatomic Particles of an Atom Electrons (-) protons (+) & neutrons (0)

Draw and Label the Parts of an Atom: Nucleus Protons Neutrons Electrons protons- positive Neutrons- no charge Electrons- negative

Element i. Definition: A pure substance that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes. ii. Made of one type of atom. iii. Each element has its own chemical symbol. C Ca O H Fe

Chemical Symbols 1 or 2 letter abbreviation Capitalize the first letter ONLY Examples: C carbon Co cobalt N nitrogen Ca calcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium

Elements cont. a. 118 known elements to date b. 92 naturally found c. 26 manmade How are the elements named? Turn to page R-11 in your agenda

Symbols from Latin Names Element Symbol Latin name Copper Cu cuprum Gold Au aurum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury Hg hydrargyrum Potassium K kalium Silver Ag argentum Sodium Na natrium Tin Sn stannum

% Major Elements in the Body O 65.0 % K 0.34 C 18.0 S 0.26 H 10.0 Na 0.14 N 3.0 Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004 P 1.0 Zn 0.003 Mg 0.50 Trace Elements: As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V

Learning Check Using the periodic table, select the correct symbol for each element. Write the element and symbol next to it. A. Calcium C Ca CA B. Sulfur S Sl Su C. Iron Ir FE Fe

Solution A. Calcium Ca B. Sulfur S C. Iron Fe

Select the correct name for each: D) N neon nitrogen nickel E) P potassium phogiston phosphorus F) Ag silver agean gold

D) N nitrogen E) P phosphorus F) Ag silver

G) What is the smallest unit of matter? element 2) atom 3) compound H) What is a pure substance that can not be broken down into simpler components by ordinary means? 1) element 2) atom 3) compound

G) atom H) element

Compound H2O i. Definition: Two or more elements chemically combined. Made of more than one type of atom ii. A chemical formula represents a compound. C6H12O6 H2O

H2O Chemical Formula Represents one molecule of that compound a. Write the element’s symbol b. Use a subscript to represent the number of atoms of each element. Lowered to the right of the element. H2O No subscript means ONE atom Symbol for hydrogen Subscript, 2 atoms of hydrogen

Molecule i. Definition: The smallest unit of a compound that has properties of that compound. A coefficient is used to represent the number of molecules. H2O = 1 molecule of water 2H2O = 2 molecules of water

Learning Check Name the elements in the following compounds: 1) NaCl = 2) H2SO4 =

Solution NaCl = sodium and chlorine H2SO4 = hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen

Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds: 3) Hydrogen peroxide = 2 atoms of hydrogen and 2 atoms of oxygen 4) Carbon dioxide = 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen

Hydrogen peroxide = H2O2 Carbon dioxide = CO2

Identify and name each element, then tell how many atoms there are of that element: 5) C6H12O6 6) CuSO4

5) C6H12O6 C= carbon, 6 atoms H = hydrogen, 12 atoms O = oxygen, 6 atoms 6) CuSO4 Cu = copper, 1 atom S = sulfur, 1 atom O = oxygen, 4 atoms

How many molecules of glucose are there in: 5 C6H12O6 CHALLENGE: How many atoms of each element in 2 molecules of water? 2H2O

Chemistry Skills worksheet