Global Influences and the Development of Canada 17th – Late 19th Century New France and Acadia American Revolution and Canadian Evolution Confederation Impact of African Migration and Settlement
New France and Acadia French colonialism motivated the creation of new France, 1663, as a royal province of France The population grew from 2000 – 10 000 over 20 years
New France and Acadia The sovereign council was the regulating government in new France Acadia was founded in 1605 at port royal Acadians developed into a distinct society after control of the area switched several times between Britain and France
Acadia (Cont’d) Ultimately under British rule the Acadians were forced from their lands in 1775 (10 years after settling) This was called le Grand Derangement (the Great Upheaval) They were dispersed along the Atlantic coast (Louisiana is one well known settlement, as well as the South Shore of Nova Scotia)
American Revolution and Canadian Evolution The American revolution created two countries – the U.S. and, by circumstance the future country of Canada The Americans believed they would receive support against the British in Quebec and nova Scotia, but these areas remained neutral
American Revolution and Canadian Evolution They did so for economic reasons – they didn’t want to jeopardize trade with either of the warring parties Some aboriginals (Joseph Brant) supported the British In general aboriginals fought with any side that would protect their lands and way of life
American Revolution and Canadian Evolution Not everyone in the (future) States supported revolution – these were the United Empire Loyalists They left for Canada after being persecuted by American Revolutionists
American Revolution and Canadian Evolution Approximately 50 000 loyalists came to Canada of every ethnic background This movement of so many people into Canadian lands created a great deal of conflict over land rights and many aboriginals were displaced from their homelands
American Revolution and Canadian Evolution After the revolution a great fear of the threat of American expansionism into Canada loomed The American policy of annexation was clear evidence of their intentions This lead to the push toward a political union of all the colonies in British North America The belief that such a union would strengthen BNA against an American attack – the idea of confederation was born
Confederation The British North America Act 1867, fuelled by the threat of American annexation, was ironically influenced by American political practices It created a balance between the best of the British Parliamentary system with that of American Federalism The end result being a strong centralized federal government
Impact of African Migration and Settlement Between 1680 and 1800 approximately 1500 people of African descent lived in Canada as servants and slaves Many migrated after the American revolution about 5000 migrated to Upper and Lower Canada representing 10% of United Empire Loyalists (many settled in the Shelburne area)
Case Study 5 Please answer the following questions and submit to teacher. Responses must be of high quality. Draft products will be returned unmarked. 1. In what ways has Canada’s evolution been shaped by British-American relations? 2. Complete the connections activity on p.40. Complete a supporting argument only. Complete question one on p.45 using only the textbook as a resource. How did the policies of New France affect the development of New France?
Case Study 5 (cont’d) 3. Create a chart outlining the waves of African migration into Canadian territory. How did the migration impact these settlers, and on other Canadians? Source LeBel, S. and Orr, J. (2003) Canadian History: Voices and Visions Gage Learning Corp., Toronto, Ontario.