Section 2: History & Culture (page 150) Chapter 6: Canada Section 2: History & Culture (page 150)

The Big Idea Canada’s history and culture reflect Native Canadian and European settlement, immigration, and migration to cities 1

History & Culture

History Native Canadians Indians & the Inuit people were 1st Canadians Over time, they divided into groups known as “First Nations” 3

History Native Canadians Inuit man in kayak, 1929

History Native Canadians Inuit family, 1930

History Native Canadians Fed, clothed, and housed themselves by hunting seals, whales, walruses, & other animals Population today about 400,000 3

History European Settlement 1st were Vikings, in about AD 1000 In late 1400s, other Europeans arrived & explored Canada 3

History European Settlement Trade between Euros. & NCs quickly developed Euros wanted furs / NCs wanted metal goods Also: foods, clothing, & methods of travel 4

History New France France was 1st Euro. country to settle Canada. Important to France b/c it provided money & goods Also spread French culture. 4

Map of New France made by Samuel de Champlain in 1612 History Map of New France made by Samuel de Champlain in 1612

Actual extent of New France before 1763 History Actual extent of New France before 1763

History New France French in competition with English for control of Canada French built trade relationships with NCs to help defend their interests 3

History New France In 1763, England defeated France & took control of Canada Though it didn’t last, New France shaped Canada’s cultural makeup. 3

History British Conquest In 1754, England & France went to war Fought in Canada & Europe 3

History British Conquest England won in 1763 Called “7 Years War” in Europe / “French & Indian War” in colonies Actually, French & their Indian allies vs. the English and their Indian allies HERE!!!! 3

History British Conquest Some of the French left / most stayed Brits divided Canada into two colonies Lower Canada mostly French speaking Upper Canada mostly English 4

History British Conquest Boundary b/t Lower & Upper forms part of border b/t provinces of Quebec & Ontario today. 1

History British Conquest Province: administrative divisions of a country Similar to a state in the United States. 2

History Creation of Canada Though still under British rule, Canadians began to regard themselves as different from British. 2

History Creation of Canada British Parliament created Dominion of Canada in 1867 “Dominion” = territory or area of influence Important step toward Canadian independence 4

History Creation of Canada Canada’s ultimate independence from GB was a gradual movement, unlike the American Revolution. From 1867 – 1931 GB treated Canada more and more as an independent country 3

History Creation of Canada After WWI, Canada was one of the signers of the Treaty of Versailles  By 1931, the Statute of Westminster gave Canada permission to declare itself an “independent, autonomous country” 3

The Transcontinental Railroad Transcontinental = “from sea to sea” / across the continent. Completion connected British Columbia (the westernmost province) with the east 2

The Transcontinental Railroad Led to acquisition of lots of land - Hudson’s Bay Company Treaties with Native Canadian Tribes 3

Immigration During the late 1800s & early 1900s, lots of immigrants from Europe, some from US Most farmed Some worked in mines, forests, & factories 3

Immigration Many from US & others following discover of gold in the Yukon (1897) Many immigrated to Canada’s west from Asia Transcontinental RR built mainly by Chinese workers BC first province to have large Asian population 4

Immigration Led to economic boom in early 1900s Canadians had one of highest standards of living in the world by 1940s 4

Migration to Cities After WWII, another wave of immigrants from Europe Many settled in cities - Toronto now one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world Also immigrants from Africa, the Caribbean, Latin America & Asia 4

Migration to Cities Recently, many Canadians have moved from rural, farming areas to cities. Greater job opportunities. 2

Native Canadians, Inuit, Vikings, French, British Early Settlement Native Canadians, Inuit, Vikings, French, British Transcontinental RR Improved transportation added lots of land History & Culture Immigration Late 1800’s: lots from Europe, Asia, some US After WWII Migration to Cities Immigrants, since WWII Lots from farms, rural areas JOBS FIN