The French French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada Control St. Lawrence River & access to interior of North America Develop a fur trade Couier do Bois

THE FRENCH IN 1524 GIOVANNI Da VERRAZANO EXPLORED THE ATLANTIC COAST BETWEEN FLORIDA AND NEWFOUNDLAND AND ESTABLISHED RELATIONSHIPS WITH NATIVE AMERICAN FUR-TRAPPING TRIBES IN 1534 JACQUES CARTIER SAILED THE LAWRENCE RIVER, SOLIDIFIED THOSE RELATIONSHIPS AND CREATED NEW ONES WITH OTHER NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES ALTHOUGH THE FRENCH TRIED TO SETTLE IN FLORIDA THEY WERE STOPPED BY THE SPANISH INITIALLY THE FRENCH FISHED IN THE ATLANTIC FOR COD AND SALMON BUT FUR TRADING YIELDED BIGGER PROFITS THE FUR TRADE NECESSITATED FEW SETTLERS AT FIRST BUT BY THE MID 1600s THE FRENCH CONTROLLED THE INTERIOR OF NORTH AMERICA

Explorers Sailing For France Cartier - France - Reached St. Lawrence River - Claimed Eastern Canada for France – 1535 Samuel de Champlain - France - “Father of New France” - Established Quebec (the 1st permanent French colony in N. America) - Established settlements and explored Maine, Montreal & Nova Scotia - 1608

European Colonization The Dutch Like French, Dutch focus on fur trade & send only a few men to settlements Found Albany (New York, 1614) on Hudson River New Netherland (becomes New York) is an extension of the Dutch global trade system Dutch & French form alliances with Native Americans—increase warfare & Iroquois (Dutch ally) defeat Hurons

THE DUTCH IN 1624 THE DUTCH PURCHASED WHAT TODAY IS THE ISLAND OF MANHATTAN IN NEW YORK FROM LOCAL INDIANS FOR THE EQUIVALENT OF $24. THE DUTCH NAMED THE AREA “NEW AMSTERDAM”. THE DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY ESTABLISHED THE COLONY OF NEW NETHERLAND WHEN 30 FAMILIES SETTLED ALONG THE DELAWARE AND HUDSON RIVERS AND GOVERNOR’S ISLAND. THE DUTCH CONTROLLED THIS AREA UNTIL 1664 WHEN THE GOVERNOR SURRENDERED THE TERRITORY TO THE BRITISH.

THE DUTCH COLONIZED THE AREA KNOWN AS NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY TODAY AROUND 1626. THEY CONTROLLED THE REGION UNTIL 1664 WHEN THEY LOST IT TO THE ENGLISH AS A RESULT OF WAR. KING CHARLES II GRANTED NEW YORK TO HIS BROTHER JAMES AND NEW JERSEY TO 2 NOBLEMEN WHO NAMED IT AFTER THE ISLE OF JERSEY IN THE ENGLISH CHANNEL.

The English Colonies in America

THE FIRST ENGLISH ARRIVED IN THE “NEW WORLD” AND ESTABLISHED A COLONY

THE DARKER THE COLOR, THE HIGHER THE ELEVATION THE COLONIAL REGIONS WERE DIVERSE IN THE METHOD FOUNDED, GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES, AND ECONOMIES THE DARKER THE COLOR, THE HIGHER THE ELEVATION

The English Colonies In the 1600s, English settlers arrived in North America English colonization differed from Spanish & French because the English gov’t had no desire to create a centralized empire in the New World Different motivations by English settlers led to different types of colonies

Migrating to the English Colonies 17th century England faced major social changes: The most significantly was a boom in population; Competition for land, food, jobs led to a large mobile population (vagrants?) People had choices: could move to cities, Ireland, Netherlands, or America (but this was most expensive & dangerous)

Migrating to the English Colonies Motives for migration to America: Religious: purer form of worship Economic: Escape poverty or the threat of lifelong poverty Personal: to escape bad marriages or jail terms Migration to America was facilitated by the English Civil War & Glorious Revolution

The Stuart Monarchs

Four Colonial Subcultures The values of the migrants dictated the “personality” of the newly created colonies; led to distinct (not unified) colonies The Chesapeake New England Middle Colonies The Carolinas & Georgia

By the early 1600s, Spain, England, & France had large territorial claims in North America (but these colonies were not heavily populated, especially in Spanish & French claims) These colonial claims came largely at the expense of the Native Americans already living there

ECONOMIC, RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FACTORS HOW DID THE ENGLISH COLONIES BECOME SO POPULATED SINCE CONDITIONS WERE SO TOUGH IN VIRGINIA? ECONOMIC, RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FACTORS TOBACCO PLAYED A TREMENDOUS ROLE IN THE SUCCESS OF THE COLONY AS IT YIELDED HUGE PROFITS WHEN SOLD IN EUROPE LAND WAS USED AS AN INCENTIVE TO ATTRACT SETTLERS THE FIRST ELECTED REPRESENTATIVE BODY IN A COLONY WAS CREATED, THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES RELIGIOUS STRIFE BETWEEN CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS LED TO MASS MIGRATIONS OF BOTH GROUPS TO DIFFERENT COLONIES ECONOMIC CONDITIONS FOR THE AVERAGE ENGLISHMAN BECAME EVEN TOUGHER WITH THE INFUSION OF NEW RICHES INTO THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY BY THE SPANISH

JAMESTOWN AND THE VIRGINIA COLONY THE VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON RECEIVED A CHARTER FROM KING JAMES I OF ENGLAND TO SETTLE IN THE “NEW WORLD”. THIS MEANT THAT THEY FUNDED THE EXPEDITION IN HOPES OF FINDING WEALTH. THE SITE CHOSEN, ON THE BANKS OF THE JAMES RIVER CONSISTED OF HARSH WEATHER AND DISEASES. HUNDREDS OF THE ORIGINAL INHABITANTS DIED FROM STARVATION, DISEASE, AND NATIVE AMERICAN ATTACKS.

COLONIAL LIFE NORTHERN COLONIES MIDDLE COLONIES SOUTHERN COLONIES NATIVE AMERICAN WARS Slide 3