The Civil War Changes America By Zibs and KB

Political and Economic Changes Civil War increased Federal Government power During war gov’t passed laws including: Income tax Conscription Gave the government too much control over individuals, even after the War ended After war no state ever threatened secession again

Thirteenth Amendment Biggest post-war change for African Americans Frees slaves according to Emancipation Proclamation Only freed in slaves behind Confederate lines, not under Union Control Issues with border states where slavery still existed led to the amendment abolishing all slavery “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the United States” With the end of the war, secession and slavery were no more

Freedman’s Bureau The country faced two problems: How to restore southern states to the Union How to integrate 4 million newly freed African Americans into National life Roger G. Fitzgerald worked for Freedman’s Bureau: Established by congress to provide food, clothing, hospitals, legal protection, and education for former slaves Sharecroppers Post-civil War South

Politics of Reconstruction Government, led by Andrew Jackson had to determine how to bring Confederate states back into the Union Period became known as Reconstruction

Lincoln’s Plan Favored leniency in reconstruction Proclamation of Amnesty AKA 10% plan Government would pardon all Confederates who would swear allegiance Once 10% of voters do, a Confederate state could form a new government and send reps to Congress Lincoln’s plan angered Radical Republicans who: Wanted to destroy political power of former slave- owners Also wanted citizenship for African Americans

Johnson’s Plan Lincoln’s successor Andrew Johnson had a different plan Tried to break planter’s power by excluding high-ranking Confederates and wealthy landowners However, also pardoned many confederates believing “white men alone must manage the South” The seven remaining ex-Confederate states quickly agrees to his Johnson’s terms, but Congress refused admittance In 1866, congress voted to enlarge Freedmen’s Bureau and pass Civil Rights Act (giving African Americans citizenship) Johnson vetoed both

14th amendment Angered by Johnson's actions, Radical and moderate Republicans worked to shift control of reconstruction from Executive Branch to Legislative Overrode his vetoes in 1866 Congress drafted 14th Amendment Prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any US citizen “All persons born or naturalized in the United States”

15th Amendment Radicals introduced 15th Amendments “No one can be kept from voting because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude” Important victory for radicals

The End Good Luck on the Final!