Flower Pre-Quiz

1. What is the term for a flower that completes it’s life cycle in one year? 2. What is the edge of a leaf called? 3. What anchors a plant to the ground? 4. What is the term for a plant that stays green all year? 5. What is the term for a plant that completes it’s life cycle in more than two years?

6. What is the term for a plant whose cells are not filled with water? 7. What plant tissue carries water and nutrients up to plant parts? 8. What part of the flower attracts insects for pollination? 9. What controls the opening and closing of the stomates on the bottom of a leaf? 10. What is the chemical that makes plants green?

Now lets check your answers…

Plant Terms and Parts

Life Cycles Annual—a plant that completes its life cycle in one year. Biennial—a plant that completes its life cycle in two years. Perennial—a plant that lives more than two years.

Leaf Retention Deciduous—loses leaves during dormant season. Evergreen—keeps leaves and remains green year-round.

Hormones Inhibitors-- hasten fruit ripening, inhibits or restrains seed germination and stem elongation. Cytokinins-hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division. Gibberellins—hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering and breaking of dormancy. Auxins—hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement.

Moisture in Plant Turgid—plant is swollen or filled with moisture. Wilted—plant is limp because it does not have enough moisture.

Leaves: External Parts Petiole—leaf stalk or part that connects leaf to stem. Blade—the large, flat part of a leaf. Midrib—the large center vein. Veins—the structural framework of leaf. Margin—the edge of leaf.

Leaves: Internal Parts Upper and lower epidermis—skin of the leaf that prevents the loss of too much moisture. Stomates—small openings under the leaf for breathing or transpiration. Guard cells—open and close stomates. Chloroplasts—small green particles that contain chlorophyll, give leaves their green color and are necessary for photosynthesis.

Stems: External Parts Lenticels—breathing pores. Bud scale scars—show where terminal buds have been located. Leaf scars—show where leaves were attached. Terminal bud or apical — bud on end of stem. Axillary or lateral bud—bud on side of stem.

Stems: Internal Parts Xylem—tissue that transports water and nutrients up from roots to stems and leaves. Phloem—tissue that transports food down from leaves to roots. Cambium—thin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark and wood and produces all new stem cells. Bark—old inactive phloem. Heartwood—old inactive xylem. Sapwood—new active xylem.

Stems: Internal Monocots—plant stems have vascular bundles that contain both xylem and phloem in each bundle—examples: grasses, corn. Dicots—plant stems have phloem layer and xylem layer separated by cambium—example: trees.

Roots: External Parts Much different from those of stems. Root cap—indicates growth of new cells. Root hairs—absorb moisture (water) and minerals.

Roots: Internal Parts Much like those of stems with phloem, cambium and xylem layers. Phloem—the outer layer and carries food down the root. Xylem—the inner layer and carries water and minerals up to the stem.

Types of Roots Fibrous—many branched shallow roots, are easier to transplant. Tap—long root with few branched ones, are more difficult to transplant.

Flowers—develop into seeds and fruits Sepals—green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens. Petals—are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers. Stamens—the male flower parts that include: Filament—short stalk that holds up the anther. Anther—a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cells.

Pistil—the female flower part that includes Ovules—the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized. Ovary—if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat. Style—holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary. Stigma—sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen.

Complete flower—has both male and female parts. Incomplete flower—has only male or female parts.

Functions of Plant Parts

Leaves Photosynthesis—manufactures food in green plants which is the beginning of the food chain for all living things on the earth. Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light are converted to sugar and oxygen.

Chemical formula for photosynthesis: While plants use oxygen in respiration, they produce much more oxygen in photosynthesis and support life for humans. Chemical formula for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + 672 Kcal = C6H12O6 + 6O2 (carbon dioxide) (water) (light energy) (glucose sugar) (oxygen) Transpiration is the water loss from leaf surface through evaporation and is controlled by stomata

Stems Translocation—move water and minerals from roots up to the leaves and move food from the leaves down to the roots. Support branches, leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds .

Roots Absorption—take water and nutrients from the soil and conduct them to the stem. Anchor the plant and hold it upright. Store food for plant use. Asexual reproduction in some plants.

Flowers Produce seeds used for sexual reproduction. Attract insects for pollination. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. Produce fruit from the ovary to protect, nourish and carry seeds.