The Phenomenon of Memory Can you remember the Seven Dwarfs ?

Exercise Results… What made the task difficult? Memory= Persistence of learning over time. What made the task difficult? Encoding- info in brain Storage- retain over time Retrieval- getting it back out

Could you almost get it? Syllables? Beginning letter? Meaning of word? Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon= The retrieval process does not produce a complex response.

The passage is about a Kite. Half Close Eyes…. The passage is about a Kite.

How do we encode? Can you recall the Twelve Days of Christmas? Rehearsal- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDBMzGq 1vhs&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mod e=1&safe=active Write down the US presidents…. (not really) Serial Position effect-

What do we encode? Visual Imagery- If a visual picture accompanies words, recall improves Meaning- If a passage is given context, recall improves Tell K story Mnemonic Devices= any memory device used to aid memory( organization, auditory or visual cues) Ex?

FUN FACT

Types of Memory Short Term Memory- A form of transient memory. Max Capacity is 7 +/- two. ( Processed in Hippocampus)

Short term memory exercise http://garyfisk.com/anim/lecture_stm.swf

Types of Memory Long Term Memory- information is held for days, hours, years. Parceled out in cortex

Types of Long-term Memory

Subtypes of Explicit Memory Key words: long-term memory; explicit memory; declarative memory; episodic memory; semantic memory

Episodic memory Memory tied to your own personal experiences Examples: Q: Why are these explicit memories? A:Can actively declare your answers Key words: long-term memory; explicit memory; declarative memory; episodic memory

Semantic memory Memory not tied to personal events General facts and definitions about the world Examples: Key words: long-term memory; explicit memory; declarative memory; semantic memory

Subtypes of Implicit Memory Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; procedural memory; classical conditioning; priming

Classical conditioning Pavlov Natural reflex Conditioned reflex CR (salivation) UCR CS (ringing bell) Neutral stimulus + UCS (food in mouth) (ringing bell) Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; procedural memory; classical conditioning; priming

Procedural memory Memory that enable you to perform specific learned skills or habitual responses Processed in Cerebellum Examples: Q: Why are these procedural memories implicit? A: No conscious memory needed Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; procedural memory

WATER Priming Pass out demonstration sheets Half closes eyes Key words: Notes: This is a demonstration of conceptual priming. There are two sheets. Half the class gets one sheet; the remaining half gets the second sheet. It is important not to let the class know there are two different sheets. I generally give tyhe front half of the class the first sheet and the back half of the class the second sheet. Regardless it is necessary to prevent giving different sheets to people sitting in close vicinity to one another. I also tell students they should complete the task themselves without help from their neighbors. I generally give the students this demonstration before telling them what priming is, so they don't have any expectations of what I'm trying to do. As for the actual demo, on both sheets, students are given a list of scrambled words. Students merely have to unscramble the letters. One sheet contains scrambled words relating to flowers. The other relates to kitchen utensils. The key priming word is the very last scrambled word: L T E P A. Those who received the list with flower words will write "P E T A L". Those who received the utensils list will write "P L A T E". That is, the responses to the last word were primed by the words that appeared before.

Priming demonstration Unscramble the following word: L T E P A Answer: P E T A L P L A T E Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming

Priming Why did half the class say plate and the other half say petal? They were primed to do so There were two different sheets of unscrambled words Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming

Priming sheet 1 F I N E K K N I F E O P O N S S P O O N K R O F P U C Unscramble the following word: F I N E K O P O N S K R O F P U C E C U S A R L T E P A Answer: K N I F E S P O O N F O R K C U P S A U C E R P L A T E Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming

Priming sheet 2 N Y P A S P A N S Y F E L A L E A F K T A L S D U B Unscramble the following word: N Y P A S F E L A K T A L S D U B L O B S O M S L T E P A Answer: P A N S Y L E A F S T A L K B U D B L O S S O M P E T A L Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming

Two types of priming Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming; conceptual priming; perceptual priming

Conceptual priming Thoughts involve activation of concepts stored in semantic memory Example: Previous priming demonstration Example: If you hear a story about a pitbull, when someone later asks you to name a dog, you’re more likely to say “pitbull” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwS68ix emAQ Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming; conceptual priming

Perceptual priming Can you identify the fragmented stimulus below? Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming; perceptual priming

Perceptual priming What if you were shown the following slide earlier in the lecture? Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming; perceptual priming

Perceptual priming Can you identify the fragmented stimulus to the right? Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming; perceptual priming

Perceptual priming What if you were shown the following slide earlier in the lecture? Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming; perceptual priming

Perceptual priming A priming stimulus enhances ability to identify a test stimulus (physical features) Why is priming implicit? Don’t need to conscious recall Key words: long-term memory; implicit memory; non-declarative memory; priming; perceptual priming