Warm-Up (12/09) On the piece of white paper from the back, answer the following question. Name Date Period Explain how low insulin levels lead to increased glucose secretion into the blood in the context of cell communication. Be sure to include a discussion on a change in gene expression.

The Immune System: war in your body Mission: ID the enemy, then kill it. Method: make antibodies that recognize the enemy’s flag (the antigen)

The Immune System: war in your body the spies: B cells the enemy: pathogens antibody antigen

The Immune System: war in your body the enemy: pathogens the soldiers: T cells

The Immune System: war in your body the enemy: pathogens the soldiers: T cells

The Immune System: war in your body the enemy: pathogens the soldiers: T cells nucleus antibody receptor poison genes Death proteins released

Critical Thinking Question #1 Discuss this question with your partner and write or represent it. I will call on three people to share their partners’ answers. Explain how cells of the immune system communicate with other cells.

The Immune System: war in your body nucleus

The Immune System: war in your body Humoral System Cell-Mediated System antibody antigen B cells make antibodies against specific antigens T cells, a type of white blood cells, recognize antibodies and kill the pathogens.

The Immune System: war in your body Humoral System New antibodies are custom-made for every new antigen B cells make antibodies against specific antigens

The Immune System: war in your body Cell-Mediated System antibody antigen Once antibodies are made, a second exposure to the same antigen results in an enhanced response. T cells, a type of white blood cells, recognize antibodies and kill the pathogens.

Case in Point: Vaccines Dead pathogen with antigen attached → B cells make antibodies → fast T-cell response next time. Yo, that don’t look like a lollypop, and it definitely don’t feel like a lollypop! Examples: influenza (flu) hepatitis C tetanus meningitis

Case in Point: Blood Types Blood types can be A, AB, B, or O depending which antigens are present on your blood cells. Organ donations can also fail because the wrong antigens are present on the donor organs.

Critical Thinking Question #2 Discuss this question with your partner and write or represent it. I will call on three people to share their partners’ answers. Create a representation (cartoon, diagram, et cetera) comparing and contrasting the cell-mediated and humoral response.

Closure On the piece of white paper from the back, answer the following question: Name Date Period Compare the immune response to cell signaling: which components are analogous to ligands, receptors, and cellular response? Scale 1 – 10