Project Team (EUMETSAT, JMA, NOAA-NCDC) SCOPE-CM IOGEO Inter-calibration of imager observations from time-series of geostationary satellites Rob Roebeling Project Team (EUMETSAT, JMA, NOAA-NCDC)

IOGEO - Introduction Objective Method Anticipated planning To generate a Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) of the visible (VIS), infrared (IR) and water vapour (WV) channel radiances from all geostationary satellites. Method Utilise similar VIS and IR/WV recalibration methods for all geostationary satellites; Use GSICS methodologies as baseline; Tie the geostationary IR and WV observations to reference observations; Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI), the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS); Recalibrate the VIS observations using a combination of GSICS techniques. Anticipated planning 2014-2016: IR and WV FCDR (Development, Testing, Reprocessing, Validation, Publication) 2015-2018: VIS FCDR (Development, Testing, Reprocessing, Validation, Publication) We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC.

IOGEO - Infrared and water vapour recalibration Objective: To recalibrate IR radiances from geostationary instruments over their entire period of operations (e.g. 1982-date for METEOSATs) using a superior instrument as reference. Prerequisites: Inter-calibration back to 1982 Target accuracy over the time-series better than 1 K Inter-calibration with uncertainty estimate Method Select reference instrument Review of spectral band conversion factors Define the inter-calibration approach Reprocess, verify and validate the FCDR Instrument drift is SRF shifts & sensor degradation

IOGEO - Infrared and water vapour recalibration Inter-calibration method Employ Double-differences (DD) to differentiate “cross-platform bias” from “noise” Use one monitored and two reference instruments in the DD equation: Om: observed monitored data Or1 and Or2: observed reference data from instrument 1 and 2. Monitored Reference 2 Reference 1 DD Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) = long-term data record of calibrated and quality-controlled sensor data designed to allow the generation of homogeneous products that are accurate and stable enough for climate monitoring.

IOGEO- Visible and near-infrared recalibration (S. Wagner) 21 April 2018 IOGEO- Visible and near-infrared recalibration (S. Wagner) Table : Summary of visible and near-infrared recalibration methods through intercalibration Method Channels (μm) Refl. Range (%) Availability Update Freq. Errors (1σ) Ray-matching 0.4–3.9 0-100 Global Monthly 3% now 2% with SRF DCC 0.4–1.1 80-100 Tropics 2% Deserts 25-45 No (sel. areas) 2-3% rel. Moon 0.4–2.2 15 Needs scheduling 2-3% rel. 5% abs Rayleigh 0.4–0.85 5-10 Global (sel. oceans) Daily >2% LWC 30-50 Yes 4% Stars (abs) 0-1? Needs navigation Yearly ?? Sun-glint 0-30 ~4% inter-band SCOPE-CM requires a combined method that: covers the full reflectance range (0-100) covers at least the spectral range 0.4-1.1 mm (full spectral coverage is desirable) has a precision better than 3% can be applied to all GEOs (and LEOs)     

IOGEO - Work plan 2014 Task Description Period Actors WP 0 Management 0.1 Establish contacts with INPE, KMA, and CMA at the upcoming CGMS meeting (CGMS-41 in July 2013) 2013 EUM 0.2 Detail project implementation plan with participating partners. Among others, to include a schematic view of the data flow between the participating space agencies (as requested by the SEP). ALL 0.3 Define the involved of INPE, KMA, and CMA within this SCOPE-CM-project Q1 0.4 Set-up a web application for exchange of project information 0.5 Attend quarterly Tele Conferences Q1 -Q4 0.6 Contribute to Progress Report 2014 and Work Plan 2015 Q4 WP 1 R & D inter-calibration methods for the infrared (IR) and water vapour (WV) channels 1.1 Research the potential of using HIRS on Metop, tied to IASI observations, as reference instrument EUM, NOAA 1.2 Contribute to the research on the potential of using HIRS on Metop as reference instrument (WP 1.1) JMA We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. Slide: 6 6

IOGEO - Work plan 2014 WP 2 Modification of the IR and WV inter-calibration approach 2.1 Update of the IR and WV inter-calibration approach for the GOES satellites. This activity is performed jointly with JMA and EUMETSAT. The actions are: to share and discuss inter-calibration methods used within the SCOPE-CM activity on ISCCP reprocessing to compare inter-calibrated results derived from full resolution data against those derived using sub-sampled ISCCP data to exchange experiences on settings to be used for selecting simulations overpasses between the monitored and reference instrument, and for applying the double difference approach. Q2-Q3 NOAA 2.2 Update the IR and WV inter-calibration approach for the METEOSAT satellites in line with the approach proposed by NOAA. This task is performed jointly with JMA and NOAA. The actions are: to include the useful temporal resolution imagery; to apply double differencing for inter-calibration; to tie the HIRS reference to IASI. EUM 2.3 Contribute to the update of the IR and WV inter-calibration approach for the MTSAT satellites in line with the approach proposed by NOAA. This task is performed jointly with NOAA and EUMETSAT. JMA WP 3 Implementing and testing the IR & WV inter-calibration approach 3.1 Implement the updated IR & WV inter-calibration approach at the participating space agencies; Q3 EUM, NOAA, JMA 3.2 Prepare test datasets of observations from the geostationary satellites operated by the participating space agencies; (i.e. METEOSAT, GOES, or MTSAT) 3.3 Test the updated IR & WV inter-calibration approach on the test datasets; Q3-Q4 We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. Slide: 7 7

WP 5 Free Tropospheric Humidity demonstrator product IOGEO - Work plan 2014 WP 4 Generation of inter-calibrated IR & WV radiances for the GEO satellites; 4.1 Collect data required for the generation of the FCDRs, or the generation of inter-calibration coefficients, for the GEO satellites; (i.e. HIRS and IASI reference data, and geostationary satellite data of the satellites operated by the participating space agencies) Q3-Q4 EUM, NOAA, JMA 4.2 Generation of FCDRs or inter-calibration coefficients for IR & WV radiances from observations from the METEOSAT, GOES, and MTSAT geostationary satellites; Q4 WP 5 Free Tropospheric Humidity demonstrator product 5.1 Development and computation of a Free Tropospheric Humidity (FTH) geo-ring demonstrator product for July 2009. The items of this activity are: to define a common reference channel; to compute spectral calibration coefficients. Note: this activity starts in 2013. Q1-Q2 DWD 5.2 Test the recalibrated WV radiances for the FTH demonstrator product and assess the differences with previously used calibration for the common reference channel. We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. Slide: 8 8

Anticipated GSICS involvement Sharing of knowledge; Exchange of inter-calibration approaches; Contribute to the definition of an inter-calibration approach for the IR and WV heritage channels (2014-2015); Contribute to the definition of a combined inter-calibration approach for the VIS/NIR heritage channels (2015-2016); Participate in the verification and validation of the FCDRs (2015-2016). We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. Slide: 9 9

Thank You

Mechanisms Points of consideration Meeting mechanism (regular Tele Conferences, side meetings at conferences) Web interface for internal communication Code exchange (commonality algorithms, “Deep-Dive” Validation Tools , coding standards, …) Internal review and data exchange procedures Annual Planning (annual plans and planning adjustments to be presented to SCOPE-CM secretariat) Progress reporting (annually to SCOPE-CM secretariat) We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan. However, we are only at the beginning. Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF Infrastructure Elements: Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing; Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools; Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution. Sensor Intercalibration Level 2 and Level 3 data Records CDR Quality Assessment Interoperability of CDRs. Benefits of common actions for international activities would be: GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate; SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs; The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM; International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors; NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate; NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. Slide: 11 11