National Conference on Indigenous Systems of Medicine Antiglycation, antioxidant potentials and total phenolic content of Scoparia dulcis decoction Rupika Perera, S Ekanayake and K K D S Ranaweera University of Sri Jayewardenepura National Conference on Indigenous Systems of Medicine 2015

Diabetes mellitus Global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising and it has become the most challenging health problem in the 21st century. 285 million among the seven billion of the total world population suffer from diabetes mellitus. > 10% of the Sri Lankan population currently has diabetes and 36% of all diabetic subjects are undiagnosed. International Diabetes Federation, 4th Edition,2009 ISBN – 13:978-2-93029-71-3

Diabetic complications Long term uncontrolled diabetes mellitus leads to several complications Retinopathy Neuropathy Nephropathy Embriopathy Cardiovascular diseases

Glycation is a key molecular basis of diabetic complications due to hyperglycemia HbA1c - glycated hemoglobin is taken as a measure of the average blood glucose level in diabetic patients for a period of time

Glycation Non enzymatic reaction between carbonyl group of reducing sugars and free amino group of biological proteins result in the formation of glycated proteins. Early Intermediate Late

Non Enzymic Glycation Reaction hours days weeks - months + Free radicals

Oxidation process and free radical generation in glycation process Amadori products Glucose Intermediate carbonyl compounds Protein crosslink and AGEs Excessive amounts of free radicals generate during the glycation process. Metal ion catalyzed auto oxidation oxidation Agents with anti oxidative and metal -chelating properties retard the formation of AGEs. Lysine/arginine residue

Medicinal Plants & Diabetes Medicinal plants with antiglycation and antioxidant properties are good therapeutic potentials to prevent diabetic complications. Increased global interest in traditional medicine. Pharmaceutical companies have renewed their strategies in favour of natural product drug development and discovery.

Scoparia dulcis Scoparia dulcis is a perennial herb (sweet broom weed) and the decoction prepared using the tender parts of the plant is used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus. Few experiments have been carried out to prove the scientific efficacy of using this plant in diabetes mellitus.

Objective To determine the antiglycation and antioxidant potentials and total phenolic content in the decoction of Scoparia dulcis used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus.

Methodology

Collection and preparation of samples commercially available . Fresh samples Commercial samples S.dulcis Bandarawela, plants Wijerama (Fresh ) Rukmale Traditional herbal market Colombo S dulcis (commercial) Air dried for 24 hrs Air dried for 24 hrs Dried at 55 ̊C in a dehydrator Corse powder Corse Powder

Preparation of water extract (decoction) Powdered plant material Simmerly boiled with distilled water (60g sample / 960 mL of water until final volume is 240 mL) Filtered through a silk cloth Stored at -4ºc in air tight container Preparation of water extract (decoction)

Analysis of S.dulcis decoction ABTS method Antioxidant activity DPPH method Antiglycation activity Bovian Serum Albumin assay (BSA assay) Total phenolic content Folin Ciocalteu test

Total Phenolic content Methodology DPPH method ABTS method BSA assay Total Phenolic content

Results and Discussion

Antioxidant activities of S.dulcis decoction commercial sample showed high (615 TEAC mmol/g) compared to the laboratory dried samples but are not significantly different from each other (549 - 553 TEAC mmol/g). commercial sample and samples dried under laboratory conditions were in the range of 450 – 540 µg/ml, BHT 20 µg/ml.

Antiglycation activity and Total phenolic content of S dulcis decoction Antiglycation activity is inversely proportional to the sample concentration. Bandarawela sample showed higher activity followed by com, Rukmale and Wijerama. The highest TP content was found in Wijerama sample followed by Rukmale , Bandarawela and com.

Conclusion Data from the study prove the antidiabetic properties of Scoparia dulcis decoction and the efficacy of using it as a traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and the plant is a promising source and preventive agent of protein glycation.

Acknowledgement Gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the University Grant (Grant No. ASP/08/RE/2008/09) of University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Our sincere thanks to : Department of Food Science and Technology of University of Sri Jayewardenepura Herbal Technology Division of Industrial Technology Institute (ITI) Bandaranayke Memorial Ayurvedha Research Institute (BMARI)