Mahatma Gandhi Institute Of Technical Education & Research centre ,Navsari. A presentation on House Drainage Subject :- Environmental engineering Subject code :- 2150603 Group No :- 30(D2D) Guided By :- Aarti Avalkar

Group:-30(D to D) Name Enrollment No Bandiwala Mayank S. 140333106001 Khatik Kamlesh R. 140333106004 Patel Nisarg S. 140333106011 Patel Trupti S. 140333106012 Benglorwala Asfak 140333106015

Contents Introduction Aim of house drainage Principles of house drainage Components of Drainage and plumbing system

Introduction: Definition Drainage system is provided to discharge effectively the sewage of the building into the public sewer. Domestic sewage or sewage from a building includes human excreta as well as discharge from bathrooms, kitchen, lavatories etc. Collected by sewers and finally discharge into the public sewer.

Aims of house drainage: To maintain healthy and hyginic conditions in the building Dispose off waste water as early and quickly as possible Avoid entry of foul gases from the sewer or the septic tank. Facilitate quick removal of foul matter e.g. human excreta. Collect and remove waste matter systematically.

Principles of house drainage Lay sewers by the side of the building rather than below the building. Drains should be laid straight between inspection chambers, avoiding sharp bends and junctions as far as possible House drain should be connected to the public sewer only when public sewer is deeper than the house drain in order to avoid reverse flow.

Layout of the house drainage system should permit easy cleaning and removal of obstructions. Entire system should be properly ventilated from the starting point to the final point of discharge House drain should be discontinued to the public sewer by the provision of an intercepting trap. This will avoid the entry of foul gases from entering the house drainage system.

Components of Drainage and plumbing system Pipes Traps Sanitary fittings.

PIPES In a house drainage system a pipe may have the following designations depending on the function it carries. Soil pipe: Pipe carrying sewage from urinals, W.C. etc. Waste pipe: Pipe carrying discharges from bath rooms, kitchens, sinks etc. It does not carry human excreta.

Vent pipe: Pipe installed for the purpose of ventilation or to carry foul smell. Vent pipe is open at top and bottom to facilitate exit of foul gases. Rain water pipe: Pipe to carry rain water.

Traps Devices which is connected at the end of the soil pipe or waste pipe to stop the entry of foul gases inside the building is known as trap. It is a bend pipe in the shape of ‘U’ which always remain full of water. The vertical distance between the crown and the dip of the trap is known as water seal. Generally the water seal varies from 75mm to 100mm. Water seal is required to prevent entry of foul gas.

Classification of Traps based on shape Classification S - trap Q – trap P – trap based on use Floor trap or Nahni trap Intercepting trap Grease trap Gully trap

Classification based on Shape • P – Trap: – The most common of these traps in houses is referred to as a P-trap. – It is the addition of a 90 degree fitting on the outlet side of a U-bend, thereby creating a P-like shape. – It can also be referred to as a sink trap due to the fact it is installed under most house sinks.

• S-trap – An S-shaped trap is also known as the S-bend invented by Alexander Cummings in 1775 – "S" traps are no longer accepted by the plumbing codes and are even illegal in many US state, as these traps tend to easily siphon dry even when well-vented.

• Q – trap – Modified S – trap – Reduce siphonage compared to S trap.

Classification based on use • Floor trap / Nahni trap: Used to collect wash water from floors, kitchens and bathrooms. It forms the starting point of waste water flow. Made up of cast iron, PVC A removable / detachable grate is provided at the top to prevent entry of the coarse solid matter. Some times floor trap is also available with extra strainer to collect the coarser materials Water seal restricts the entry of foul gases.

• Gully trap:

Gully trap: Special types of traps which disconnect sullage drain (collected from bath, kitchen etc.) from the main drainage system A well designed gully trap serves two or three connections from the nahni trap. A gully trap is usually made of stoneware and a C.I. grating is provided at its top.

• Intercepting trap: – Also known as disconnecting trap or interceptor it is provided at the junction of house drain with the public sewer or septic tank. – Provided in the last manhole of the house drainage system. – The domestic sewage is carried by the pipeline to fall in the semi circular open channel within manhole.

Sanitary fittings The following sanitary fittings are commonly used in buildings, for efficient collection and removal of wastewater to the house drain. 1. Wash basin 2. Sinks 3. Bath tubes 4. Water closets 5. Urinals 6. Flushing cisterns

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