Electrostatic Charge and the Electrical Structure of Matter Review – Parts of the atom Charged objects Law of electric charges Balloons on the wall and bad hair days in winter Electrostatic series Charging by friction, contact and induction Shocks and lightning Lightning and your car Tesla coils Electrostatic applications Grounding

Electric Fun! You walk across the rug, reach for the doorknob and..........ZAP!!! You get a shock. Or, you come inside from the cold, pull off your hat and......BOING!!! All your hair stands on end. What is going on here? What is it that is moving around? And why does it happen more in the winter?

TeachWithFergy Preview File Please enjoy this preview of your Student Version of the Power Point. Some slides appear blank because they have been removed. Student versions have portions of the text removed which is given in the teacher version and appear as ______ Other slides may have ........... on them, this represents writing that has been removed. Please note that the Entire Unit Package can also be purchased at a steep discount from my Store.

REVIEW: PARTS OF AN ATOM In the middle of each atom is a nucleus. The nucleus contains two kinds of tiny particles, called protons and neutrons. _______________

ELECTRICAL CHARGES Particle CHARGE MASS _______

Neutral Objects Atoms: When the number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons, _______

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Stealing or Giving Away Electrons Friction: One very common way is to rub two objects together __________ The more rubbing, the more electrons move

Friction and Charge Build-up View the simulation below and observe what occurs when friction increases

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Law of Electric Charges Law 1: Opposites attract: Two things with opposite, or different charges (a positive and a negative) will attract, or pull towards each other. Law 2: ______

Law 3 Positive attracts Neutral objects, AND ________ WEIRD!.... But Why? Because neutral has a + or a – charge.

A Neutral Wall Attracts a Balloon If you charge a balloon by rubbing it on your hair, it picks up extra electrons and has a negative charge. Holding it near a neutral wall will make the negative charges in the wall move away. Why?

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Balloon Example Click the image below

BAD HAIR in the WINTER So what does all this have to do with shocks? Or hair full of static? When you take off your wool hat, it rubs against your hair. ________

BAD HAIR in the WINTER Things with the same charge repel each other. So the hairs try to get as far from each other as possible. This can also be accomplished using a Van Der Graaf generator. In slideshow mode, click the image above and the video will automatically open in your browser.

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Electrostatic Series If you rub human hair and wool together, which will lose and which will gain electrons? Polyethylene and Silk? Rubber and Cotton? Glass and Sulphur?

These videos have been removed Sparks If there are enough positive (+) charges on one object and enough negative (−) charges on the surface of the other object ______ These videos have been removed

Lightning Becomes very “negative” Becomes very “positive”

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Static Electricity Puzzles Using the law of electric charges, identify the charge of the pith balls described below: Four pith balls are suspended by insulating threads. The following observations are made: Pith ball #3 is negatively charged Pith ball #4 attracts all the other pith balls Pith balls #1 and #2 repel each other Pith ball #3 attracts all other pith balls

Static Electricity Puzzles Start by drawing what you know 4 balls Pith ball #3 is negatively charged Pith ball #4 attracts all the other pith balls Pith balls #1 and #2 repel each other Pith ball #3 attracts all other pith balls

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Charging Objects There are 3 ways an object can become charged 1) _______ 2) _______ 3) _______

Friction Review Static electricity is produced by rubbing different surfaces together This causes both surfaces to obtain a different charge Before rubbing: both objects are neutral ___________

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Static Shocks In the case of static electricity, your body has developed some level of negative charge. When you move your hand towards an uncharged objects (especially metals) the excess electrons you have transfer to that object. The movement of the electrons can sometimes be seen as a spark and can occasionally be painful due to the speed at which the electrons transfer.

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Induction An electric charge is transferred from one substance to another without direct contact. ________

Induced Charge Separation A shift in position of the electrons that produces opposite charge on TWO sides of a particle + -

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Charging by induction using a positive rod

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Create a comparison chart Use a chart to compare the following topics covered so far Charging by friction Charging by contact Charging by induction Your chart should have the following headings for each topic Topic How it’s charged Charge it receives relative to charged exposed to Does the altered charged last? From above Describe how the object becomes charged Is the charge the object receives the same, or opposite to the object that gave it that charge? When the object is isolated will it retain the charge it was given?

Static Electricity Applications Grounding Dangers of static build-up Reducing pollution Painting Lightning and Tesla Coils

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Grounding The third plug on a typical electrical outlet is the ground. It takes the excess electrical buildup and sends it into the ground.

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Reducing Factory Waste Smoke stacks have charged areas which attract certain pollutants (sulfuric acid) and stop them from entering the air _________

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Electrostatic Spray Painting _________ The object to be painted is either neutral or oppositely charged The paint is attracted to the object Paint goes on evenly and very little is lost

Photocopying When the copier is being set up to make a copy, an electrode, called a corotron, deposits a positive charge, in darkness, uniformly over the entire surface of the selenium – Step 1 ________

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To create a copy of this image, the paper is given a positive charge which attracts the toner particles, forming an image on it (Step 4). To “fix,” or immobilize, the image, heat from pressure rollers melts the plastic toner particles, fusing them to the paper (Step 5).

Lightning and your car Why is your car a good place to be during a lightning storm? It has rubber tires It has a metal exterior It’s warm and comfy

Tesla Coil – Artificial Lightning Voltages can get to be well above 1,000,000 volts and are discharged in the form of electrical arcs (lightning). They create extremely powerful electrical fields. Large coils have been known to wirelessly light up florescent lights up to 50 feet away