Unit 1 intro to Earth science review

The branches of Earth science Area of Earth Science that studies includes both historical and physical studies of Earth_____ The study of weather and climate _____ The study of universe ______ The study of the physical features of the ocean, sea floor, etc._____ Geology Astronomy Oceanography Astronomy Meteorology Biology

Helium and Hydrogen Nitrogen and Oxygen Nebular hypothesis Gravity Earth’s Evolution After the rings cooled the __________________ were formed by collisions with debris the size of asteroids. The ____________________ theory says the solar system was formed from a spinning cloud of mostly nitrogen and oxygen . The outer planets are made largely of ___________________________________. The center of the solar system was formed by _____________________________. Helium and Hydrogen Nitrogen and Oxygen Nebular hypothesis Gravity Erosion Planets Geologic Time Sun

hydrosphere geosphere biosphere atmosphere lithosphere asthenosphere Earth’s spheres Earth’s 4 spheres include: ____________________________________________ Which sphere includes, ground water, lakes and glaciers ____________________ Life forms of the biosphere can be found in the ___________________________ Which is not a sphere of Earth __________________________________________ hydrosphere geosphere biosphere atmosphere lithosphere asthenosphere

Earth’s structure #s 13-17 Inner core mantle crust asthenosphere Outer core lithosphere

Movement of Earth’s crust Earthquakes and volcanoes are explained by ___________________________ Earth’s super continent was _________________________________________ What is the driving force of the movement of Earth’s crust ________________ Distances measured north and south of the equator are __________________ Zero degree longitude is the __________________________________________ geologic time plate tectonics Eurasia Pangea Continental Drift convection currents latitude longitude Prime Meridian Equator

Earth as a system Systems have parts of a whole that ______________________________ Matter and energy that flow freely in and out is a ______________ system. Clouds, rain and wind would be part of a _____________________system. Earth’s interior and the Sun are sources of Earth’s __________________ The Sun’s energy drives water and air ______________________________ Earthquakes, volcanoes and hurricanes are the result of ____________________ Convection currents plate tectonics Closed open circulation conduction Energy evolution Interact incorporate

Review answers 1. The solid Earth is divided into three principal units: the very dense ___core_____________, the less dense _____mantle_____, and the ______crust____.   2. In scientific inquiry, a preliminary untested explanation is a scientific ___hypothesis___. 3. The science of _geology_ is traditionally divided into two parts—physical and historical. 4. _Meteorology___is the study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate. 5. The ____geologic time scale_____ subdivides Earth history into units and provides a meaningful time frame for the events of the geologic past. 6. A scientific ____theory___ is a well-tested and widely accepted view that scientists agree best explains certain observable facts. 7. The largest of Earth's four spheres is the ___geosphere_____. 8. The dynamic water portion of Earth's physical environment is the _hydrosphere____.

Review answers 9. The science that involves the application of all sciences in a comprehensive and interrelated study of the oceans in all their aspects and relationships is called _____Oceanography______.   10. The ____mantle___ is a liquid zone in Earth's interior. 11. The "sphere" of Earth, called the ___biosphere___, includes all life.    13. ___astronomy______ is the study of the universe. The life-giving gaseous envelope surrounding Earth is the ______atmosphere_____.  16. The _nebular hypothesis_ suggests that the bodies of our solar system evolved from an enormous rotating cloud.

Review answers 17. The __crust__ refers to the rigid, outer layer of Earth, which includes the crust and part of the upper mantle.   18. Beneath Earth's lithosphere lies the soft and comparatively weak layer known as the __asthenosphere____. Loosely defined, a ___system____ can be any size group of interacting parts that form a complex whole. 21. The theory, called _plate tectonics_, provides geologists with a comprehensive model of Earth's internal workings. 22. The force of attraction between objects have mass and position. ____gravity______

Review answers Astronomy, Geology, Meteorology and Oceanography 1. What are the sciences that are traditionally included in Earth science?  Astronomy, Geology, Meteorology and Oceanography   List and briefly describe Earth's 4 "spheres”. Atmosphere, Geosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere (make sure you know what they include) 4. How would you explain to a friend what Earth System Science involves? Refer to number one; know what branch studies 5. Beginning with the Big Bang and ending with the formation of the solar system, summarize the sequence of major events that scientists believe have taken place in the universe. Order of events notes from nebular hypothesis theory Know the layers and characteristics of each of the layers of Earth From you layers foldable

Describe the following two broad areas of geology: Review answers Describe the following two broad areas of geology: Historical and Physical and describe Briefly describe how Earth acts as a system. What is a system; open and closed examples    9. Describe the theory of plate tectonics. What drives plate motion? Definition and convection currents in Earth’s interior