Draw a neat circuit diagram to study static characteristic of a transistor in CB mode

Draw input and output characteristic of a transistor in CB mode

What do you mean by input characteristics of a transistor in CB mode? In CB mode, the graph of emitter current IE against emitter base voltage VEB at constant collector base voltage VCB is called input characteristics What do you mean by output characteristics of a transistor in CB mode? In CB mode, the graph of collector current IC against collector base voltage VCB at constant emitter current IE is called output characteristics

Obtain the expression for collector current in CB mode The current flowing due to minority carriers is known as leakage current.

Draw a neat circuit diagram to study static characteristic of a transistor in CE mode

What do you mean by input characteristics of a transistor in CE mode? In CE mode, the graph of base current IB against base emitter voltage VBE at constant collector emitter voltage VCE is called input characteristics What do you mean by output characteristics of a transistor in CE mode? In CE mode, the graph of collector current IC against collector emitter voltage VCE at constant base current IB is called output characteristics

Obtain the expression for collector current in CE mode

Draw a neat circuit diagram to study static characteristic of a transistor in CC mode

What do you mean by input characteristics of a transistor in CC mode? In CC mode, the graph of base current IB against base collector voltage VBC at constant emitter collector voltage VEC is called input characteristics What do you mean by output characteristics of a transistor in CC mode? In CC mode, the graph of collector current IE against emitter collector voltage VEC at constant base current IB is called output characteristics

Obtain the expression for emitter current in CC mode

Obtain a relation between  and 

Obtain a relation between  and 

Obtain a relation between  and 

What is Darlington pair? When two transistors are connected as shown in diagram the effective current gain is Such type of connection is called darlington pair

Digital Electronics Logic Gate Basic Logic Gate A circuit which has one or more input terminals but only one output terminal and state of the output depends on the states of input is known as logic gate. Basic Logic Gate NOT, OR AND are known as basic logic gates because any logic circuit can be implemented using these gates.

NOT Gate It has one input terminal and one output terminal. The state of the input is opposite to that of input. A B 1 1

OR Gate It has two or more input terminals and one output terminal. The state of the output is high if state of any one of the input is high. A B C 1 1 1 1 1 1

AND Gate It has two or more input terminals and one output terminal. The state of the output is high only when all the inputs are high. A B C 1 1 1 1

NAND Gate It has two or more input terminals and one output terminal. The state of the output is low only when all the inputs are high. A B C 1 1 1 1 1 1

NOR Gate It has two or more input terminals and one output terminal. The state of the output is low if state of any one of the input is high. A B C 1 1 1 1

State and prove DeMorgan’s theorems First Theorem: The complement of the logical sum of two or more variables is equivalent to the logical product of the variables concerned.

A B A B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Second Theorem: The complement of the logical product of two or more variables is equivalent to the logical sum of the variables concerned.

A B A B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Explain why NAND and NOR gates are known as universal building blocks Any logical expression can be realised by using either NAND or NOR gate. Hence NAND and NOR gates are known as universal building blocks.

NAND as NOT

NAND as OR

NAND as AND

NOR as NOT

NOR as AND

NOR as OR

Draw logic circuit diagram of EX-OR gate and give its truth table It has two or more input terminals and one output terminal. The state of the output is high when odd number of inputs is high. A B C 1 1 1 1 1

Draw logic circuit diagram of half adder and give its truth table Carry Sum 1 1 1 1 1 1

Best Of Luck Thanks