PERSPECTIVES OF COLLABORATION FOR FUTURE GLOBAL SPACE GOVERNANCE – A REGIONAL STUDY Mukund Rao (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bangalore, India With K R Sridhara Murthi (krsmurthy09@gmail.com), Jain University, India; Yuichiro Nagai (nagai.yuichiro.01@gmail.com), The University of Tokyo, Japan; Hideaki Shiroyama (siroyama@j.u-tokyo.ac.jp); The University of Tokyo, Japan; Motoko Uchitomi (uchitomi.motoko@jaxa.jp), The University of Tokyo, Japan; Tan Cheng Hai (chenghai@zenithintellutions.com.sg), Singapore Space Technology Association; Rogel Mari Sese (rmdsese@gmail.com), National Space Development Program, Philippines and Tunku Intan Mainura (tunkuintan@yahoo.co.uk), Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia Dr Mukund Rao Dr. Mukund Rao has over 31 years of experience in GIS and EO  in government and business environment. Presently he is involved in building the vision of National GIS for India as Member-Secretary of National GIS Interim Core Group. His has authored a document on National Geographic Information Policy - a DST sponsored policy research study. He has vast experience of GIS and EO Solutions business development/consulting. He has been engaged in implementing of large GIS projects in India, ME, APAC, USA and NZ. PRESENTATION AT 5th Manfred Lachs International Conference on Global Space Governance and the UN 2030 Agenda McGill UNIVERSITY, Montreal May 5-7, 2017

Introduction - Background and Purposes of This Study Background of this study Need for development of space policy studies in Asia Pacific region Space Policy and LAw Network in Asia Pacific (SPLANAP) Promotion of cooperation among researchers and experts in this region Japan, India, China, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand participate in SPLANAP Adjunct Workshop at APRSAF Regional study coordinated by UoT and NIAS Research on the current and projected space policy and programs in the AP region Japan, India, Malaysia, Singapore (Phase-I); ……others in Phase-II Purposes of this study To study and analyse space programs and governance structures To examine commonalities and differences (uniqueness) To find possible areas for future cooperation – bi-lateral, regional and multi-lateral

The Study Now, Next (Dec, 2017), Space policy analysis of Japan and India (2015)　→　IAC 2015 in Jerusalem Comparing space program and policy perspectives – Japan and India Identifying commonalities and uniqueness of space activities Joint research in this year (2016) → IAC 2016 in Guadalajara Analyzing specific opportunities of Japan-India space collaboration Examining how potential opportunities for collaboration can be stepped into a concrete cooperative mechanism Now, Expanding of the scope of space policy analysis Including other Asia Pacific nations - Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore . . . Next (Dec, 2017), Preparing UoT-NIAS regional space policy and cooperation opportunities report for APRSAF

Japan’s 2015 Basic Plan on Space Policy The 2015 Basic Plan on Space Policy Working together with international society to address global challenges by using Japan’s space technology Energy, climate change, environmental issues, food problem, natural disasters. . . Promoting use of space in the Asia Pacific region Earth observation Communication Positioning & navigation Developing space activities in the Asia Pacific region: Promoting joint R&D and joint space program Sharing satellite information Assisting capacity building Creating new commercial market for space goods and services in the Asia Pacific region Meeting the needs of emerging spacefaring countries for space goods, services, and infrastructure Major objectives for Japan of regional space cooperation Playing an important role in international and regional society as a leading spacefaring nation in Asia Contributing socio-economic development in Asia Sharing role and cost in implementing space program based on a common objectives Strengthening diplomatic relations with Asian countries, especially with ASEAN nations Making international relations in Asia better Sharing the common interests with Asian nations in using space for a long term Encouraging Japan’s space industry to access to developing markets in Asia for space goods, services, and infrastructure

Space Transportation Systems Creating New Social Values Japan’s 2015 Basic Plan on Space Policy Natural disaster Earthquake Tsunami Volcanic eruption Typhoon. . . . etc. Security Information gathering Surveillance and warning Communication. . . etc. Other global issues Resources/ Energy Climate change Environment . . . . etc. prevention, response, management, and relief Resources management, Environment monitoring, Ocean monitoring Enhancing C3ISR Building Space Systems as a Social Infrastructure Communication Remote sensing Positioning Weather forecasting Space Transportation Systems H-IIA Epsilon New generation of launch vehicle (H-3) Government supports Creating New Social Values Improvement of everyday life of people) Economic growth Creating job The promotion of private sector’s efforts Creating robust/new and competitive space industry sector By using various satellite information (remote sensing, positioning, etc.) Agriculture, fishery, maritime safety, weather services, indoor positioning, etc. Challenges for space application business How to meet various needs with limited cost Cost-benefit performance, Infrequency of observation, real-time information, accuracy of data Regional characteristics: necessary data may vary among different region and peoples Literacy of users: need for user-friendly application

INDIAN SPACE – “SPACE FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT” NATURAL RESOURCES MGMT. CROPS, WATER, LAND FORESTS & ENVIRONMENT MINERALS AND ENERGY POSITIONING AND NAVIGATION NATIONAL POS SERVICE NAVIGATION APPS AND LBS GEODYNAMICS DISASTER MANAGEMENT EMERGENCY COMMN – VOICE/DATA WARNING & ALERTS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT & REHAB TECHNOLOGY LAUNCH VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SATELLITES TECHNOLOGY HSF TECHNOLOGY GROUND SEGMENT SPACE FOR NATIONAL DEV HIGH-END TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITY AUTONOMOUS ACCESS TO SPACE SPACE COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE SPACE INTERNATIONAL COOP CORE NATIONAL CAPABILITY NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS TELEVISION/RADIO – DTH/CABLE/SATRADIO REMOTE-AREA COMM VSAT & DATA CONNECTIVITY SEARCH AND RESCUE GOVERNANCE & SOCIAL APP TELE-EDUCATION TELE-MEDICINE & HEALTH NETWORKS PUBLIC INFORMATION INFRA NATIONAL GIS EARTH SCIENCE WEATHER AND CLIMATE OCEANS ATMOSPHERE SCIENCE ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS PLANETARY EXPLORATION SPACE POLICY BEING WORKED UPON NATIONAL SECURITY & DEFENCE INTELLIGENCE/SURVEILLANCE/ OPERATIONS HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT STUDIES, TECHNOLOGY DEV 6

Indian Space – Key Metrics Past 40 years, cumulative budget allocated INR 930 billion; utilisation INR 612 billion.   Realised 143 missions (88 Spacecraft; 61 LV;2 RE; 8 Student satellites) - missions in Space exploration (CHANDRAYAN-1, MOM & ASTROSAT), Satellite Navigation (IRNSS & GAGAN), communications (14 satellites; ~260 transponders), Earth observation (12 LEO + 3 GEO). Independent access to space and indigenous satellite manufacturing capability Wide use of space for National Development: INSAT systems for DTH, VSAT data communications business. IRS images usage for governance and national building activities.   Weather and ocean services from NSAT and Oceansat images/data.   Space technology for Disaster Management Support Forays in planetary missions through Chandrayaan-1 and MOM-1 for advanced scientific studies.  Global commercial operations 180 commercial/foreign satellites (23 nations) on its PSLV; sale of IRS images and value-addition services and Intensive Bi-lateral, Regional and multi-lateral international cooperation

INDIA LAUNCHES SOUTH ASIA SATELLITE ON GSLV – MAY 5, 2017 “A promise to extend the advanced space technology for the cause of growth and prosperity of South Asia” – PM Modi (after launch on May 5, 2017)

SPACE ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA Space science and technology programme: Building of space infrastructures: national observatory, remote sensing centres, research on space science, space systems management/operations: communication, navigation and positioning, and remote sensing 7 satellites launched - used for communications services and applications, remote sensing, earth observations and space science. Astronaut programme (following on to Malaysian astronaut Datuk Sheikh Muszaphar who went on ISS in 2007) : To inspire - for excellence, a unity of purpose, instil identity ……. promote national resolve. To instil the interest of young Malaysians to explore new areas of science and technology Space education programme: National Planetarium: Equipped with theatre, display gallery and observatory tower Astronomical workshops for school teachers. Space camps, poster contest and workshops for school children. Model Rocket launching contest for public

SPACE ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA ANGKASA is in the process of developing “Malaysian Space Policy”: set out the vision and goals of Malaysian space activities for the new century provide strategic context for investments in space exploration and exploitation by the Government and industry in order that they contribute effectively towards the socio-economic well-being of the nation, mobilize and organize the resources (financial, manpower & institutional) to make such investments work for the nation in term of enhancing the productivity and skill-levels of the key economic sectors as well as the generation of high value added products, processes and services and  establish the framework for the effective performance of the various actors involved in the exploration and exploitation of space including the engagement with external parties.

Philippines Space-Related Programs and Activities

National Space Development and Utilization Policy - Philippines Philippines Space Act, 2016

Singapore Space Activities

Singapore Space Law & Policy Status

A level of Comparison…………… Japan India Malaysia Philippines Singapore Initiation 1960s – space science research 1980s – space applications 1970s – space applications 1990s – space applications Capability Launchers; Satellite building; Space Apps; Intl. Coop Launchers; Satellite building; Space App; Intl. Coop Smallsat dev; Space App; Space Education Smallsat dev; Space Appl. Smallsat dev; Space Appl; Space Education Space Policy Basic Space Policy 2008/2015; RS Data Policy; Satcom Policy Under work Philippines Space Act 2016 - Organisation Frame National Space Agency under Executive National Space Agency under Legislature Exploring national space agency Space Industry High-end – mainly contractor role Emerging International Cooperation Bi-lateral (Missions/Tech); Regional (Services); Intl.(Planet./Science); Bi-lateral (Services); Regional (Sharing); International (Policy) Bi-lateral (Services); Regional (Sharing); Intl. (Policy) Bi-lateral (Services); Regional (Sharing) MAJOR FOCUS ON REGIONAL COOPERATION – APRSAF; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION - COPUOS Space Diplomacy Bi-lateral; Regional and Intl. offerings UN AGENDA SPACE UTILISATION FOR SDG – A MAJOR THRUST

Potential areas of future Japan-India space cooperation Space policy and law coordination Joint space mission space science, exploration, and application Satellite navigation ISS utilization and future space exploration Space application for disaster management Space robotics Security-related efforts Maritime domain awareness and space situational awareness Regional contribution to the Asia Pacific region (APRSAF…..) Industrial collaboration The outcome of UoT-NIAS joint research in 2016, which was presented at IAC 2016 in Mexico

Conclusion - Regional cooperation in Future Space Governance Japan-India bilateral space cooperation Embarking on Japan-India bilateral joint space mission Mutually complementing space capabilities with common objectives Space science, asteroid mission, planetary exploration, human spaceflight technology, space application (weather, remote sensing, positioning, etc.) Setting up space policy coordination mechanism Expanding regional space collaboration in the Asia Pacific region Contributing the use of space for regional benefits in the Asia Pacific region Satellite positioning, disaster management, climate change study Regional space policy research would also be beneficial Fostering multi-track collaboration in the Asia Pacific region Space policy dialogue: government level APRSAF: space agencies level Industrial collaboration: private sector Space policy and law research collaboration: academia/researcher level

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