SMART-Starters WHAT ARE 3 VIRUSES THAT YOU KNOW OF? 1 - 2 - 3 - WHAT Disease/Symptoms do EACH cause?

WHAT ARE THE VIRUSES YOU HAVE HEARD OF? HW: Read Text 18.2 pg. 525-531 Take notes under the four main headings Answer Questions 1-3 on page 531 Phino Sled dog run to Nome 1925

VIRUSES Ebola virus particles, colored digitally, emerging from a type of monkey epithelial cell line

Outline Anatomy of a Virus Are viruses alive? Common Viral Diseases Viral Replication Lytic Lysogenic Retroviruses

Should you Vaccine or not? Common Viral Diseases Measles… Immune Response. Should you Vaccine or not?

What is a virus? A non-living strand of genetic material within a protein coat Size?

Another way to talk about Size…how many base pairs does the viral DNA/RNA contain?

Anatomy of a Virus Receptors - To initiate the infection cycle, all viruses require an interaction between a surface molecule—the receptor—and a protein or proteins on the surface of the virion. This interaction is highly specific viral particles lacking envelope glycoproteins are noninfectious, and cells lacking a receptor are non-permissive for viral entry.

Embedded into the cell and the virus’ envelope are: Glycoproteins? AKA: Keys = Antigens (proteins) Locks = Receptors on target cell Receptors - To initiate the infection cycle, all viruses require an interaction between a surface molecule—the receptor—and a protein or proteins on the surface of the virion. This interaction is highly specific viral particles lacking envelope glycoproteins are noninfectious, and cells lacking a receptor are non-permissive for viral entry. Antigens are foreign particles, usually proteins, which are capable of generating an immune response in the body, a property known as immunogenicity. This immune response consists of specific antibodies which are generated by plasma cells as a result of exposure to a specific epitope presented by the antigen.

Special thanks to Dr. Dennis Kunkel www.denniskunkel.com Viral Shapes Special thanks to Dr. Dennis Kunkel www.denniskunkel.com

4 Basic Shapes Helical Polyhedral Spherical Bacteriophage

Helical Resemble Long Rods Flexible or rigid Examples TMV Ebola Rabies Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Helical Viruses cont. Tobacco Mosaic Virus Agricultural Disease RNA is nuclear material Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Polyhedral Polyhedral means many sided 3-D shape Most are iscosahedrons Examples Adenovirus Polio virus Common cold Hepatitis Adenovirus causes respiratory infections Adenovirus

Polyhedral cont. Pappilomavirus Polio Virus Causes warts Can induce tumors Can eventually cause cancer Pappilomavirus Polio Virus

Spherical Also called “enveloped” viruses Roughly spherical Protein coat and DNA/RNA covered by an membrane envelope Influenza Virus

More Spherical Viruses Chickenpox Fever Blisters Mononucleosis Herpes Simplex Virus

HIV Mature virus:budding and release in lymph node tissue

Human Immunodeficiency Virus A Deadly Sphere Infection in lymph tissue: Budding mature virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Bacteriophage Most complex viruses Infect bacteria Consist of: Capsid (head) DNA inside Tail Tail Plate Tail fibers (legs)

Are Viruses Alive? Characteristics of living things? – List them. DiscoveryNews: Are Viruses Alive?

Viral Infection  Viral Replication Lytic Cycle & Lysogenic Cycle NPR: Viruses Attack

VIRAL REPLICATION ACTIVITY

I'm a Virus! (Mr. W's Virus Rap) What are the differences between lysogenic and lytic cycles of Virus Replication?

Retro Virus

How they really look…

REVERSE Transcriptase UNIQUE PART… RNA  DNA  inserted into nucleus REVERSE Transcriptase

Study HELP Resources NPR: Viruses Attack Discovery News: Are Viruses Alive? EC: Virus Evolution (10 points possible – See Website) Bozeman Science: Viruses (9 min.) KHAN Academy: Viruses Amoeba Sisters: Viruses (7 Min.)

SMART-Starters WHAT ARE THREE VIRUSES THAT YOU KNOW OF? WHAT Disease/Symptoms do EACH cause?

SMART-Starters What are two aspects of a VIRUS that are similar to living things? What are two aspects of a VIRUS that are similar to non-living things?

SMART-Starters What is difference between an HIV virus and a bacteriophage? Possible differences: How are they different in… size? shape? target host cell? other?

SMART-Starters What are the four shapes of viruses. Draw each.

What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles in viral replication? SMART-Starters HINT: Use this diagram to come up with 3 differences SMART-Starter

SmartSTARTER Identify and name structures A, B, C, and D. A B C D