Wisdom Literature Immerse Seminar September 2017 Larry Perkins, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, Biblical Studies

Session Three -- Job Introduction – Job’s reputation Ezekiel 14:14,20. James 5:11 Possible Edomite connection “The Land of Uz” – Jeremiah 25:20; Lamentations 4:21 Addition to Greek translation at the end – identifies Job as “Jobab, King of Edom” (cf. Gen. 36:33), grandson of Esau.

Session Three -- Job The Hebrew text. Greek version is 1/7th shorter than the Hebrew Masoretic Text Has the text suffered some dislocations? Relationship between the prose prologue and epilogue and the poetic contents in between.

Session Three -- Job The Context of the Story Babylonian parallels – “theodicy” Structure of contents Prologue 1-2 Job’s lament 3 Three cycles of three speeches, interspersed with three responses from Job 4 - 27 Hymn to Wisdom 28 Job’s avowal of innocence 29-31 One cycle of four Elihu speeches 32-37 Two cycles of speech by Yahweh followed by response from Job 38 – 42:6 Epilogue 42:7-17 Why does the writer use ‘speeches’ as the primary genre for telling the story? (Consider speeches in Acts)

Session Three -- Job Laments or Lawsuit? The prologue and epilogue frame our understanding. 1:1-5 – general introduction 1:6-12 – heavenly scene # 1 - relationship between God and “the Satan” 1:13-20 – Job’s initial misfortune - theology of possessions 2:1-6 - heavenly scene # 2 2:7-10 – Job’s second misfortune 2:11-13 – Job’s three friends

Session Three -- Job The Epilogue 42:7-9 Condemnation and restoration of Job’s friends Why does Yahweh condemn these friends? 42:10-17 Restoration of Job What does Job’s restoration mean theologically? Does this justify a “health and wealth” Gospel?

Session Three -- Job Speeches of Job’s friends – theological treatises cast in poetic form. Eliphaz’s speech (Job 4-5) word of consolation 4:2-6 wisdom instruction 4:7-11 vision report 4:12-21 fate of the wicked 5:1-7 exhortation to seek God 5:8, 27 praise of God 5:9-16 fate of the upright 5:17-28 How do we evaluate the theology of Eliphaz?

Session Three -- Job The Laments of Job – Job 6 – to his friends justification – 6:5-7 complaint against his friends 6:14-27 Job 7 – to God complaint against God 7:7-10, 11-21 What is the place of lament within a Christian’s experience?

Session Three -- Job Hymn to Wisdom – Job 28 (Compare Proverbs 8) Note the conclusion – “the fear of the Lord – that is wisdom and to shun evil is understanding” It picks up Yahweh’s description of Job – 1:8. What is the source of wisdom? (28:23, 27-28)

Session Three -- Job Yahweh’s speeches 38:1 – 40:2 40:6-41:34 Yahweh integrates his power with his wisdom, both of which when integrated enable him to define and exact justice. God responds in a theophany. Job’s responses – 40:3; 42:1-6 First there is silence Then there is repentance and submission.

Session Three -- Job Interpretation Issues: 1. The characterization of Yahweh and his sovereign mission 2. The characterization of the Satan 3. The operation of evil in the world 4. The interaction between the heavenly and earthly domains 5. The nature of faith in the face of suffering 6. The role of lament in the life of a believer 7. The theology of blessing 8. The theology of retribution 9. God’s relationship to his creation. 10. The source, nature and value of true wisdom.

Session Three -- Job In Class Assignment: Working in groups of 3 prepare for a 20 year old Christian a brief explanation for the way Yahweh relates to the person of Job in this composition. How does this help humans understand their place in this world and how life operates? Consider the “conversations” between Yahweh and the Satan. Consider God’s special revelation of himself to Job in chapters 38-41.

Session Four: Ecclesiastes General Introduction The title The initial verse – 1:1 – its possible meanings Inferences from the contents re the person offering these reflections – 1:12; 1:2-11; 3:1-5; 4:1-3 Possible date

Session Four: Ecclesiastes Structure: Various proposals Loader’s analysis 1:2 and 12:8 – the bookends 1:3-11 – first poem – corresponds perhaps to the last poem in 12:1-7 1:12-2:26 – the king’s/teacher’s investigation 3:1- 4:16 seven poems deal with time 5:10 – 6:9 numerous poems focus on wealth and its worthlessness 6:10- 8:1 concern human incompetence in terms of wisdom 8:10 – 9:10 retribution and wisdom 9:11 – 10:11 worthlessness of human wisdom 10:12-20 two poems about speech and silence 11: 1- 12:7 – vanity – joy; joy – vanity.

Session Four: Ecclesiastes Structure: Wright’s analysis 1:2-11 – poem on toil 1:12 – 6:9 – “what is good for man to do?” (2:3-4) introductory statements of purpose (1:12-18) six expository sections (2:1 – 6:9) – all is vanity and a striving after wind” 6:10 – 11:6 – “who knows what is good for man” and “who knows the future” (6:10-12) responses to first question – 7:1-8:17 – each ends with “not find out” with climax in 8:17 responses to second question – 9:1 – 11:6 -- man’s inability to know the future – each section ends with “you do not know” – cf 11: 5-6. 11:7 – 12:8 – poem on youth and old age. Epilogue

Session Four: Ecclesiastes Genre discussion We have a collection of poems which display diverse genres. The writer in these poems searches for a response to the claim that “all is meaningless.” The limitation of human wisdom. Diverse genres the true saying - 1:14 comparative sayings – 4:9 “as…so comparison – 11:5 metaphors – 7:26 parable – 4:13-16 allegory – 12:3-4 observations – “and I saw” – 4:4 cry of woe as well as beatitude – 10:15b-17 rhetorical questions – 8:4 admonitions – commands that give advice autobiographical stance – 1:2-11.

Session Four: Ecclesiastes What is the message of Ecclesiastes as a part of the Canon? The perspective of a person who seeks to make sense of life apart from God/Yahweh, i.e. the secularist or the humanist. No matter where this person seeks an answer to the meaning of life, all that he discovers is futility and meaninglessness. Belief and confidence in God is the only solution, because only God has the wisdom to sort out the complexities of the universe – 5:2. God is Creator, Sovereign and Unsearchable Wisdom. Consider 11:5 or 7:29. What we experience in life are God’s appointments – 1:13-14. Sometimes God assists the righteous but tragedy can strike anyone – 6:1-6.

Session Four: Ecclesiastes What is the message of Ecclesiastes as a part of the Canon? There is a hiddenness about God that we cannot ignore – 3:11. We grasp enough of a pattern to recognize God’s presence, but we cannot discern the entire pattern which defines the meaning of our lives – 7:14; 8:17. We live in the hand of God – but what kind of God? He takes us on an extended tour of the human experience. He acknowledges the persistent reality of evil (4:1ff; 7:20; 9:3). This is mixed in with the frustration of time, chance, change and mortality (9:12). He ends with good news – 12:14.

Session Four: Ecclesiastes Preaching Ecclesiastes The writer deals with the horizontal plane of human existence (“things under the sun”) and the vertical plane (“the fear of the Lord”), seeking to show the relationship between them. He mentions God and what God provides 39x. The relationship between human existence and evil gets a lot of play, reminding us of the consequences of the fall in Genesis 3. When people abandon belief in God or thing they have more wisdom than God, they run up against the destructive results of human self- sufficiency – i.e. confidence in human wisdom, power, and wealth.

Session Four: Ecclesiastes Preaching Ecclesiastes It exposes the deep and unanswerable flaws of secularism. There is no ultimate meaning to be found in hedonism, materialism, lust or fame. It unmasks the myth of human autonomy. What kind of leadership is required in such a world (cf. Deut. 17: 14-20; 1 Samuel 12:12-15, 20-25). One might select a text or select a theme as the basis for preaching. You might explore the failure of human wisdom in contrast to the value of God’s wisdom in the light of Paul’s expression of the gospel in 1 Corinthians 1 as “the wisdom of God.” One might use analogy – comparing the foolish trust in wealth that Eccl exposes with the parables of Jesus that discuss similar issues (Matthew 6:19; Luke 12:19-21). Consider the exploration of longitudinal themes – the fear of the Lord, the challenge of human mortality, the nature of sin, etc. What is the nature and value of human work?

Session Four: Ecclesiastes In class assignment: Eccl. 3:9-14. Work in teams of two to discern the big idea you think this text is expressing. What question relevant to 21st Century Canadians is this text addressing? Propose how this text might answer such a question.