SUBJECT :. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TOPICS:. PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION. IN SUBJECT : BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TOPICS: PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION IN CONSTRUCTION Presented by R.RAMESH Roll No:1113 54th D O .Trainee National fire service college NAGPUR

INTR0DUCTION Passive fire protection measures are very important and these are basically a planning matter and must be considered at a very early stage in the building design and construction. Passive fire protection measures have to control flames and smoke so that the fire remains manageable. Passive fire protection system is also essential to guard the structure integrity of the building and the spaces that occupants use for safety.

ROLE OF PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION 1. Passive fire protection system minimizes the wastage of extinguishing media used in active fire protection system 2. It also minimizes loss of men power used to derive active fire protection system. 3. It minimizes the loss of properties due to extinguishing media of active fire protection. 4. It is used to reduce fire losses some time.

5. Sometimes because of lack of passive fire 5. Sometimes because of lack of passive fire protection the cost for installation of active fire protection is increased . 6. Passive fire protection used to minimize response time of active fire protection system. 7. Without passive fire protection system the active fire protection can not work efficiently.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES 1. ESCAPE ROUTES 2. WALL 3. VENTILATION 4. DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZARDS WITH RESPECT TO PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION.

1. ESCAPE ROUTES 1. Door 8. Roof exits 2. Satire case 9. Refuse area 3. Ramp 10. Fire tower 4. Lift 11. Protected lobby 5. Exit passageway 6. Horizontal exits 7. Fire escape ladder

DOOR Door are a main means of escape, which we use at the time of normal and emergency evacuation, doors serves three purposes related to the comfort and safety of occupied occupants. They provide protection from 1. Weather, drafts, noise and disturbance from adjoining areas. 2. Trespass by unauthorized persons. 3. Fire and smoke with which this project is concerned.

Doors are made by several materials like wood , iron, fiber, plastic, glass TYPES OF DOORS 1. WOODEN DOORS. 2. METAL DOORS. 3. COMPOSITE DOORS

STAIRS Stairs a main means of escape use at the time of normal & emergency from one floor to another floor, which has tread and riser, and every flight has not more than 15 risers. Stairs are whether interior or out side serve three function, they are a means of normal circulation between the floors & different levels of a building, they serve as an emergency exit in case of fire they are essential for the rescue and fire control operation conducted by the fire fighters.

TYPES OF STAIRS 1. Straight stairs. 2. Circular or spiral stairs. 3. Turning stairs. 4. Geometrical stairs.

RAMP A ramp is tapered type walking surface which can be use by the handicapped peoples at the time of normal & emergency, by it heavy movable thing also carry from one floor to another, ramp has an accessible space that has a running slope greater than 1 in 20

LIFT Lift is electrical operated movable chamber from one floor to another floor, it move inside the shaft which also made by fire resisting material, lift is a high resisting material, made chamber inside which number of people can travel

EXIT PASSAGE WAY An exit passage way serves as a horizontal means of exit travel that is protected from fire in a manner similar to an enclosed interior exit stair. In a multistoried building, a passage way can be used to protected exit by connecting the bottom of one stair that continue to the street floor.

HORIZONTAL EXIT A horizontal exit is a arrangement which allows alternative egress from a floor at or near the same level in an adjoining building or adjoining part of the same building with adequate fire separation

FIRE EXCAPE LADDER A fire escape ladders is use main of egress form the building at the time of evacuation outside of the building: this is quietly different with the outside stairs. These ladders made by the iron or metal and a specific place.

ROOF EXITS A means of escape on to the roof of a building at acceptable only where the roof has access to it from the ground. The exit shall have adequate cut off with in the building from staircase below

FIRE TOWER An enclosed staircase, which can only be approached from the various floors through landing or lobbies separated from both, the floor areas and the staircase by fire resisting doors and open to the outer air.

2. W A LL Compartmentation :- Fire compartments are generally included in building design to limit fire and smoke spread so that people have longer time to escape. Compartment walls and floors are constructed to separate areas in a building with different uses, and to reduce the maximum likely size of fire.

SEPARATION WALL A wall provides separation of one from another or part of a building to prevent any communication of fire or any access or heat transmission to wall itself, which may cause or assist in the combustion of materials of the side opposite to that portion which may be on fire.

FIRE RESISTING WALL A wall resistance rated wall, having protected opening which restricts the spread of fire and extends continuously from the foundation to at least 1m above the roof.

MECHANICAL VENTILATION NATURAL VENTILATION Ventilation is a supply of outside air into or the removal of inside air from an enclosed space . MECHANICAL VENTILATION

NATURAL VENTILATION In natural ventilation energy consumption is not required for ventilation.

MECHANICAL VENTILATION In mechanical ventilation energy consumption required for the ventilation

WINDOW An opening to the outside than the door , which provides all, or part of the required natural light ,ventilation or both, to the interior space.

SHAFT Any vertical passage in the building like, lift well ,vertical service duct etc. Which used for building service is called shaft. DUCT Any vertical or horizontal passage in the building like air duct, which used for ventilation is called as duct.

4. DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZARDS WITH RESPECT TO PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION Fire can be spread rapidly through a building, causing major structural failure of roofs and wall. Depending on a design, fire can be spread horizontally and vertically. 1. Internal hazard 2. Personal hazard 3. Exposure hazard

1. INTERNAL HAZARD Possibility of fire occurring and spreading inside the building . Fire resistance of structure The fire resistance of structural members is characterized by their fire resistance rating. The resistance rating is defined as the time elapsed a fire upto the time the structure losses its load bearing or protective capacity

B) FIRE INTEGRATION OF BUILDING. It is the ability of a spreading element of a structure to remain intact & not allow fire spread to occur through cracks & fissures. All stability failures other than applying to load bearing elements are preceded by integrity failures. C) COMPARTMENTATION. The aim to compartmentation to contain the fire with in the building to minimize possible area

SEVERAL TYPES OF COMPARTMENTATION EXITS: 1.Partitioning of building by fire resistant walls design to stop a fire spreading. These are smellier to the waterproof bulkheads of ships. 2. Permanents protection of exits roots inside the building( corridors. Stairs, landings ) against penetrations by fire.

2. PERSONAL HAZARDS Possibility of loss or damage to life referred as personal hazard. The consideration of personal hazard is natural or paramount importance and requires the provisional liberally designed and safe. FREQURIREMENT FOR AN ESCAPE ROUTE. 1. A sufficient number of adequate capacity exits properly located with convenient. 2. Direction sign indicating path to exit. 3. Adequate lightning of exits and path of access. 4. Protection of exits against fire &smoke during the length of time they may be in use.

3. EXPOSURE HAZARDS Possibility of fire spreading from adjoining building or building from across road. A) ISOLATION FROM NEIGHBORING STRUCTURE: Fire isolation between building is intended to prevent the spread of fire to adjacent building and installations, as well as to provide space for successful maneuvering by the fire company during fire fighting. The radiation effect of flame from a brining building or installations taken into consideration in compiling standards for fire standardization in the design of general plans for industrial and public enterprises.

B) Access for outside emergency structure. Suppose if fire occurs, outside help usually the fire brigade vehicle able to reach the building & to deploy its equipment. Access provisions(street, lanes passages, open spaces) must important ant.

SITE PLANNING In the site planning, following points are important for the special fire risks. 1. Garage areas. 2. Loading bays. 3. Waste disposal areas. 4. Areas containing central heating plant. 5. Fuel store. 6.Areas containing refrigeration plant other than small units and display cabinets.

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