International Relations English School International Relations

Basic Concepts the existence of order in anarchical IR the re-occurrence of orders despite their short existence ideological confrontation rather then state conflict 3 international societies: Ancient Chinese, Greco-Roman and modern society – as an identification issue – emerged within one region, considered themselves a civilized world

System and Society international system: system of states formed when two or more states have sufficient contact between them and sufficient impact on another’s decisions causing them to behave as a parts of whole international society: group of states conscious of common interests and values form a society as they conceive themselves as bout by common rules in their relations

Current society first truly global society not bound by language or common culture have spread from Europe 3 primary goals of all societies: 1. constraint of violence, 2. upholding property rights, 3. ensuring keeping of agreements can include states with different cultures and political philosophies

Order and justice solidarist and pluralist conceptions of society solidarist: solidarity exists among states, with respect to enforcement of law (just / unjust war) pluralism: states do not exhibit solidarity and respect the law only partially – non-intervention, respect of sovereignty how society emerges? how important is justice, can it be sacrifice for preserving the order? contradictory phenomenon – equality or justice

Moral value of order conflicting view on justice, however order is universal value states tend to maintain order – respect for sovereignty and principle of non-intervention existence of society: evidence that progress has been made in relations of states – they have agreed on principles of co-existence has order higher value then justice? how about human rights or humanitarian intervention?

Revolt against the West the idea of society is of European origin – the creation of truly global society had 5 stages: 1. struggle for equal sovereignty (China, Japan) 2. political revolt of former colonies for independence 3. racial revolt to abolish slavery/apartheid/segregation 4. economic revolt against exploitation 5. cultural revolt + religious revolt

Contradictions value of human rights or sovereignty will the difference and conflict broaden in the future – religious radicalism ? the difference between North and South issues bounding the society together: failing states, natural disasters, proliferation of WMD, environmental issues, terrorism, etc.

Critique realist: international norms do not influence policy of states – states are bound by interests liberal: it downplays domestic politics economy: fails to evaluate the influence of trade transnationalism: does not take into account other then state players global society: neglects social relations binding individuals and states

The Triad Traditional: the international system (states), international society (states) world society (non-state actors + individuals) Current issue : relations of territorial and non-territorial forms of human organization + the mixed entities operating on the same territory (EU) Distinction between society and community: community as a deep concept, besides membership of an identity group contains a degree of responsibility towards other memberts

Society / Community Community is about shared identity/ normatively grounded – idea of common interest within it Society is about agreed norms of behaviour/ norm- governed form of association – specific norms different that those creating community Community represents a key element to society Different perceptions

Modern triad Interstate societies – solidarism and pluralism Transnational societies – different forms of relations Interhuman societies – based on ideas, interests, large- scale or fragmented What values are shared, and how and why are they shares?