ANCIENT HISTORY of CHINA Unit #2 – East Asia Lesson #2 ANCIENT HISTORY of CHINA

Chinese History Time periods divided into “Dynasties” John Green 12 m Time periods divided into “Dynasties” A dynasty is a time of one family in power Chinese believed rules ruled because God willed it. God showed he no longer wanted the family by punishing the whole country That means they lost “the mandate of heaven

Dynasties Shang Zhou Qin (Chin) Han ** Sui Tang Song Yuan (Mongols) Ming Qing (Ching) (Manchus) Mongols Shi Huandi (First Emperor) 3

Dynastic Cycle (329) New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven

Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven GOOD TIMES PROBLEMS AGING DYNASTY

Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven GOOD TIMES Fair laws land to peasants Repair of defenses Economy Strong PROBLEMS AGING DYNASTY

Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven GOOD TIMES Fair laws land to peasants Repair of defenses Economy Strong PROBLEMS AGING DYNASTY Public works projects ignored Wars with foreigners lost Taxes increase – burden falls on poor Defensive walls in state of disrepair

Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven GOOD TIMES Fair laws land to peasants Repair of defenses Economy Strong PROBLEMS Floods & natural disasters Foreign invasions Peasants suffering increases Armed bandits roam land Peasants rebel AGING DYNASTY Public works projects ignored Wars with foreigners lost Taxes increase – burden falls on poor Defensive walls in state of disrepair

Philosophies & religion Buddhism ONE OF OLDEST RELIGIONS STILL IN PRACTICE TODAY STARTED 6TH CENTURY BC IN NEPAL BY PRINCE SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA Confucianism NOT A RELIGION; IT’S A WAY TO LIVE AN ORDERLY LIFE STARTED 500 BC DURING AN ERA OF CHAOS BECAME THE ANCHOR FOR THE CULTURE OF CHINA Taoism (Daoism) A VERY GENTLE CULTURE OF HARMONY WITH NATURE STARTED SAME TIME AS BUDDHISM Legalism IS THE OLDEST OF THE FOUR, BUT ORGANIZED IN 200BC VERY STRICT RULES WITH HARSH PUNISHMENTS

Buddhism in Japan Called ZEN BUDDHISM in Japan Adopted by the Samurai as their official religion (in China, they called it “Ch’en” Buddhism) JAPANESE ZEN BUDDHIST TRADTIONS: Tea Ceremony Tea House Meditation Harmony with nature Used to clear mind and gain control

Emperors of China Shi Huangdi – the first emperor Qin Ruled by legalism Feared invasion from Mongols Constructed GREAT WALL to keep them out

Temple of Heaven

The Ming defeated the Mongols Mongols had created __________ empire in world Built _______________for Emperor Built huge fleet 62 ships 25,000 sailors “Ming” = __________ largest Forbidden City brilliance

The Forbidden City Describe what the Forbidden City looks like, or the size of it. 3min documentary – start at 1:30

The Forbidden City the world's biggest ancient palace almost 600 years old 9,999 rooms in 980 buildings 7,747,200 square feet / 180 acres 2x the size of the Vatican 26 ft high surrounding wall, 28 ft wide at the base 20 ft deep Moat outside the wall Hall of Supreme Harmony is Largest structure at 98 ft tall. 9,000 eunuchs lived there. ~1 million laborers built the complex 24 emperors lived there.

Entrance to Forbidden City

Sedan Chair of the Emperor

(this road is in the movie “The Last Emperor”)

Early Trade with Europe p. 343 (bottom right) What did the Ming emperors do that made it hard for foreigners to trade with them?

Chinese sailing Compare Chinese ships and sailing to European ships and sailing in the 1400s

(DRUGS CAN DESTROY EVEN THE GREATEST CIVILIZATION IN THE WORLD!) THE OPIUM WAR (DRUGS CAN DESTROY EVEN THE GREATEST CIVILIZATION IN THE WORLD!)

The Opium Trade China was arrogant about trading Europeans wanted what China had SILK PORCELAIN CHINA China demanded Europeans pay in GOLD China DIDN’T WANT any European goods Europeans wanted to dominate trade with China So…

The Opium Addiction Europeans introduced OPIUM to Chinese youth Europeans got them ADDICTED Then, Europeans demanded GOLD for Opium and… they got it Chinese government demanded this stop Chinese captured European ships carrying opium Europeans saw this as an act of war…

What was the background to the Opium War? Europeans had been pushed around by Chinese traders Example: China accepted ONLY gold for Chinese goods, like porcelain and silks The English looked for a way to change that imbalance The English grew poppies in India (one of their colonies), manufactured that into Opium, and Sold Opium to Chinese Traders The traders got addicted, and gave ANYTHING for more opium The English demanded GOLD

How did the Opium War start? China demanded an end to Opium imports All Opium was destroyed, and the English traders were jailed England called this an ACT OF WAR, and attacked China China had become too arrogant and isolated for years England had become technologically advanced beyond China English won special trade rights called SPHERES OF INFLUENCE

The Ming were eventually defeated by the Manchus Manchus created the _____Dynasty Qing lasted until ______ The Last Emperor was ________ crowned at age ____in 1908 ____ wives Eventually was forced from the Forbidden City Qing 1911 Pu Yi 5 click 2

Pu Yi, the Last Emperor of China

Was Mao Zedong any good? Mao is regarded as one of the most important individuals in modern world history. Supporters credit him with driving imperialism out of China, modernizing China and building it into a world power, promoting the status of women, improving education and health care, and increasing life expectancy.

Chinese Civil War After the last emperor surrendered the throne in 1911… Civil War broke out Three factions: Communists Nationalists War Lords

History of China 1911-1949 1911 – The emperor resigned Civil War broke out 1937 – Japan invaded China (start of World War II) 1945 – Japan defeated by USA China claimed they defeated Japan 1949 – Communists defeated Nationalists Nationalists retreated to Taiwan We claimed Taiwan was “the” China