A Small Size Wideband Planar Inverted-F Antenna For USB Dongle Devices Paper ID: 1570252210 Authors: Hardeep Singh Saini1, Naveen Kumar2,Abhishek Thakur3, Rajesh Kumar4, Akhil Sharma5  ECED, Indo Global College of Engineering (IGCE), Punjab, India ECED, Thapar University, Punjab, India 22 April 2018

Outline Introduction Antennas for Mobile Handheld Devices Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) Structure Comparison between various antenna structures Problem Definition Objectives Design Methodology Simulations & Results Conclusion Future Scope References 22 April 2018

Introduction 22 April 2018

Introduction An Antenna converts electromagnetic radiation into electric current, or vice versa. Need of Antenna : For transmission and reception of the radio signal. Antennas are required by any radio receiver or transmitter to couple its electrical connection to the electromagnetic field.  For electromagnetic waves carry signals through the air (or through space) at the speed of light with almost no transmission loss. Wireless performance is completely dependent on a high performance antenna design and implementation.  22 April 2018

Antennas for USB devices Internal Antennas Microstrip antennas (MSA) Planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA) 22 April 2018

Antenna Type/ Parameters Comparison Table Antenna Type/ Parameters Microstrip Patch PIFA Radiation Pattern Directional Omnidirectional Gain High Moderate to high Modeling & Fabrication Easier to fabricate and model Easier fabrication using PCB Applications Satellite Communication, Aircrafts Internal antennas of Mobile phones Merits Low cost, Low weight, Easy in integration Small size, Low cost, Reduced backward radiation for minimizing SAR Problems No bandpass filtering effect, surface-area requirement Narrow bandwidth characteristic 22 April 2018

Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) PIFA is also referred to as short-circuited microstrip antenna due to the fact that its structure resembles to short-circuit MSA. The shorting post near the feed point of PIFA structure is a good method for reducing the antenna size, but this result into the narrow impedance bandwidth which is one of the limitations. By varying the size of the ground plane, the bandwidth of a PIFA can be adjusted and optimized. The location and spacing between two shorting posts can be adjusted accordingly. L W Ground Plane Radiating Patch Feed point h Lp Wp Typical PIFA Structure 22 April 2018

Effect of Parameter Variation in PIFA Parameters Effects Length Determines resonance frequency Width Control impedance matching Height Control Bandwidth Width of shorting plate Effect on the anti-resonance and increase bandwidth Feed position from shorting plate Effect on resonance frequency and bandwidth 22 April 2018

Proposed Design 3D View of Proposed Antenna 22 April 2018 Lp Wp Wg Lg Wg RT Duroid Substrate Radiating Patch Shorting Plate Ground Plane Slot Ground Plane Feed Pin h Wp Lp 3D View of Proposed Antenna 22 April 2018

Detailed Dimensions Parameter Value (mm) Lg 44 h 0.8 Wg 25 Lgs 17 Lp 18 Wgs 3 Wp 20 Ls 4 Ws 8 22 April 2018

Simulated Return Loss (S11) Resonant frequencies achieved are 2.49 GHz and 3.75 GHz with return loss of -15.65 dB and -20.61 dB respectively. 22 April 2018

Simulated Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) The value of VSWR can be seen in the plot and has to be less than 3 dB. The value is 2.95 dB & 1.56 dB at resonant frequencies 2.49 GHz & 3.75 GHz 22 April 2018

Fabricated Antenna Measured Return Loss

Comparison of Proposed Design with Implemented Design in [10] Antenna design parameters Volume (mm3) Resonant frequencies Frequency bands covered Design in[10] 1400 2.45 GHz 3.5 GHz WLAN (2.4-2.484 GHz), WiMAX (3.3-3.8 GHz) Proposed Design 880 2.49 GHZ 3.75 GHz 4G LTE (2.3-2.4 GHz), WLAN/ Bluetooth (2.4-2.485 GHz), WiMAX (3.3-3.8 GHz) % Overall Size Reduction= 100 – (880/1400) *100= 37.15

Conclusion 22 April 2018

Conclusion There are few conclusions that can be drawn from this thesis work: The designed antenna, built on PIFA structure, is very sensitive to any changes to the dimensions of the structure including the ground plane. Ground plane of the antenna is used as a radiator resulting in overall size reduction and improvement in the operating bandwidth. Also there is significant improvement Bandwidth & radiation efficiencies at obtained resonant frequencies. 22 April 2018

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