Important Survival Structures and Adaptations in Plants

Make a 4 column chart with the following headings Nutrition Respiration Reproduction Response to Environment Write down important structures and functions that relate to these 4 concepts as we review the Power Point

Vascular Tissue- Nutrition Vascular Tissue  move fluids through the plant body 1. Xylem– carries water from the root to the other parts of the plant 2. Phloem – transports nutrients and carbohydrates made by photosynthesis

Vascular Tissue Chart-Nutrition

Leaves-Nutrition Designed for absorbing light and carrying out photosynthesis Two types of leaves: 1. Simple (one leaf) 2. Compound (many leaflets)

Leaf Functions-Nutrition Carries out photosynthesis Transpiration- evaporation of water through leaves Gas Exchange Stomata remains open enough just to allow photosynthesis to take place

Layers of Leaf- Nutrition&Respiration Mesophyll spongy layer is composed of many chloroplasts Palisade mesophyll – absorb the light Spongy mesophyll – air spaces that connect the stomata with outside Stomata – pore-like openings on the underside of a leaf to absorb carbon dioxide

Stomata On Surface of Leaf- Respiration Swollen Guard Cells Small stoma opening little gas exchange Large stoma opening ample gas exchange Flaccid (weak) guard cells

How the stomata helps to maintain homeostasis? The stomata allows for the plant to REGULATE the exchange of gases MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS Dependent on the availability of water When water is plentiful plant can accept more water guard cells swell stomata opens gas exchange can occur readily When water is NOT plentiful OR wants to conserve the water it has plant can n

Cones in Conifer Plants- Reproduction Cones and pollen are used as the reproductive structures found in gymnosperms Exhibit alternation of generations sporophyte and gametophyte phases. http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp30/30020.html

Reproduction in Angiosperms-Reproduction Also exhibit sporophyte and gametophyte generations http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/angiosperm.html

Flower Parts-Reproduction Flowers are the reproductive structure in angiosperms. Stamen-> men=male Male: anther+filament Contains pollen Pistil (carpel)-> female Stigma,style,ovary Ovary holds the ovules.

Seeds-Reproduction Seeds in plants play an important role in Protection of the plant embryo Prevention of drying out of moisture within the seed Provides nutrients as it develops

Monocot vs Dicot Seeds

Summary Tutorial http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/838/858365/ch03anim/3_1_6_1a.swf

How Do Plants Respond to the Environment? 1-Tropism= response by a plant to an external stimulus Phototropism response to light Gravitropism response to gravity Hydrotropism response to water Thigmotropism response to touch (surfaces like vines wrapping around) 2-Hormones= auxins cytokinins, gibberlins, ethylene

Plant Auxins- Response to Environment Auxins substances that regulate cell growth at the tip of plant by stimulating cell elongation. CytokininsStimulate cell division, and cause dormant seeds to sprout. Gibberillinsdramatic increase in size (stems and fruits) Ethylene Stimulate fruits to ripen

Other Environmental Adaptations- Response to Environment Aquatic PlantsTissues with large air filled spaces for oxygen diffusion Epiphytes-Grow directly on other plants to obtain their nutrients Ex. Spanish Moss Desert Plants (Xerophytes)-Extensive roots, reduced leaves, & thick stems stores water. Nutrition Specialists-Live in areas with low concentrations of nutrients in the soil. Ex. Carnivorous plants (Venus Fly Trap) Parasites (Mistletoe)