BELLWORK: 2/6 “Ruling the Colonies” – pg. 442 Describe the mercantilist view European nations had towards their colonies in Latin America. How did Europeans use the natives? Impact? What role did the Catholic church play in the colonies? Describe the social hierarchy in Latin America. Which social group led the revolts? Why?

Revolutions in the Americas Independence from Spain & Portugal

Ruling the South American Colonies Why did Spain and Portugal colonize the New World? Catholicism was brought to the Americas by Spanish and Portuguese rulers. Priests and monks converted the Native Americans and taught them loyalty to the crown. By 1800, the Catholic Church controlled half the wealth in Latin America. Colonists were mad at the trade restrictions and high taxes Spain and Portugal forced them to pay.

Social Order Latin American colonies were divided between social classes based on race. Peninsulares: colonial leaders born in Spain or Portugal; held all important military and political positions. Creoles: colonial-born white aristocrats; controlled most of the land and business Mestizos: mixed Native American and white ancestry; worked as servants and unskilled laborers

Discussion: Why would colonists in Spanish/Portuguese South America want independence?

Revolution in the Americas Project

MLA Citation: Websites Authors last name, first name. “Title of Article.” Title of Website, Date written, URL. Accessed date. Let’s do one as an example! Cite as you go – do not wait until the end. If you have citation questions, look them up online!

Upcoming History Info & Reminders All paragraphs must be typed and in your own words. No bullet points! All paragraphs must be complete sentences…. Even the geographic location and fun facts. Make sure the info is condensed and can fit on a poster Bring posters to class/tutorial to work on You will complete a peer evaluation and be assessed individually. All websites used must be cited in MLA. This Friday is a Current Event Day!!!

Revolution Country Project Peer Evaluation Rubric Overview Presentation Requirements Audience Participation (wkst, questions, etc.) If you are rude or not paying attention during others’ presentations, you will lose points off of your own project! Be respectful! All posters are due today! You will lose 10 points every day it is late. Be prepared to present everyday! Come to class!

BELLWORK: 2/14 Who was Bolivar? How was he involved in the movement? "Spanish South  America" (444-445) Who was Bolivar? How was he involved in the movement?  Who was Jose de San Martin? Why is he important?  THINKER: How did Napoleon's takeover of Spain and Portugal effect their colonies in Latin America?

BELLWORK: BLOCK 2 “Uprising in Haiti” – pg. 443 Why did France want to maintain control of Haiti? Why did Haitians want independence from France? Describe the role of Toussaint-L’Ouverture. Explain the outcome of the Haitian Revolution. "Mexico Struggles for Freedom" – pg. 444 Who was Miguel Hidalgo? What was he fighting for? Who was Jose Morelos? Why was he important?  Why did Mexican creoles fear reform?  Who was Iturbide? How did he impact independence? 

Review Spanish-American War and it’s contribution to the independence of Cuba and Puerto Rico!

BELLWORK: 2/17 Read “Brazil gains independence” on page 445: Why did the Portuguese royal family flee to Brazil? List five changes King João implemented in Brazil. Who was Dom Pedro? How did Brazil gain independence? Explain the changes in government post-independence.