Transactional Analysis Akshay Kumar Intro. to Psychology

We play games of communications with each other Why do we play them How we are developed How are personalities learn

It is a theory of personality and a systematic Psychotherapy for personal growth and personal change Provides a theory of communication Offers a theory of child development Is a powerful tool in management and communication training and organizational analysis.

How we developed How we groomed Why do we play a role of a savior for some A hero for some Dependent on some Aggressive with some

Introduction 1961 Eric Berne, Games People Play  Transactional Analysis is the method for studying interactions between individuals Dr. Thomas Harris stated in I’m OK – You’re OK, that in Transactional Analysis, “we have found a new language of psychology.”

T.A. Includes Theory of Personality Theory of communication Theory of Child Development Used as a form of Diagnosis of Psychopathology Used as Psychotherapy

Transaction Transaction: Basic unit of social interaction Interactional currency

Transactions Transactional response Transactional Stimulus

Transactions Verbal Expressions Acc. To Albert, 1970. 7% communicational matter lies in words 55% in facial expressions 38% Paralinguistic (Way the words are said)

Neo Freudian School of Psychology Psychoanalysis: Problems: Intra-psychic T.A. : Problems: Inter-Psychic. i.e. Interactions and relationships.

Ego States Parent Adult Child

Parent Taught component Voice of authority Exteriosite How your parents treated you Everything you love from the society The Do’s and Don’t’s The rules Too Judgmental Too Critical Too Nurturing

Parent Taken from our parents and significant adults (Care takers): Introjecting Nurturing (Positive) Structuring (Positive) (Negative) Critical Nurturing -Spoiling

Child Ego State Archeosite Child like behavior Instincts Dreams Desires Childlike Behavior The basic sad, mad, bad, glad feelings

Child Ego State Cooperative (Positive) Adapted Spontaneous Free (Negative) Immature Resistant

Adult Neosite Tries to make decisions in objective manner In ambiguous situations: Tries to predict decisions.

We ask for information rather than stay scared and rather than make assumptions. Taking the best from the past and using it appropriately in the present integration of the positive aspects of both our Parent and Child ego states.

Example Internal Parent ego state may beat up on the internal Child, saying "You are no good, look at what you did wrong again, you are useless". The Child may then respond with "I am no good, look how useless I am, I never get anything right". The adult can intervene

Three EGO States and the concept of Life: Parent is our 'Taught' concept of life Adult is our 'Thought' concept of life Child is our 'Felt' concept of life

Ego states Aim of the parent ego state is to mature into an adult ego state. Ego states are not constant: We play different ego states with different people at different times

Diagnosis Behavioral diagnosis: Posture Breathing Speaking style Eg. Parent: Rigid Posture, summons etc Adult: Not rigid posture but erect and straight

Parent Physical - angry or impatient body-language and expressions, finger-pointing, patronizing gestures Verbal - always, never, for once and for all, judgmental words, critical words, patronizing language.

Child Physical - emotionally sad expressions, despair, temper tantrums, whining voice, rolling eyes, shrugging shoulders, teasing, delight, laughter, speaking behind hand, raising hand to speak, squirming and giggling. Verbal - baby talk, I wish, I dunno, I want, I'm gonna, I don't care, oh no, not again, things never go right for me,

Adult Physical - attentive, interested, straight-forward, tilted head, non-threatening and non-threatened. Verbal - why, what, how, who, where and when, how much, in what way, comparative expressions, reasoned statements

Social Diagnosis: How people Interact in a group Historical Diagnosis: History of relationship in past Contextual diagnosis: Type of context Type of transaction

Structural diagram A structural diagram represents the complete personality of any individual. Transactional Analysts construct a diagram showing the ego states involved in a particular transaction.

Types of Transactions Parallel Transaction/ Complimentary Cross Transaction

Parallel/Complimentary

Cross

Limitations Stereotyping Does not take into account cultural differences during interactions