What is short (Emergency) aid? Aid – Emergency and Developmental What is long term (developmental) aid? Aid that is planned over a long period to tackle poverty or improve quality of life It Includes: Build permanent housing to replace those destroyed Get people back to work so that they can help themselves rather than rely on aid Train people – give them new skills Repair boats and fishing nets to give communities a sustainable source of food and income Records suggest that the amount of aid given to the countries that were affected by the Asian Tsunami was $5billion. What is Aid? Aid is when a country borrows or is given, money from banks or another country, this is often due to the fact that they pay more in imports than they receive from their exports They have to repay these debts, with interest, which means they have little money left to improve the standard of living for their people. What is ODA? Overseas Development Aid. Bi-Lateral aid: When aid passes directly from one country to another this is known as Bi-Lateral aid. In 2004-2005 the UK government gave £4.1 billion of ODA to fund projects in LEDC’s such as Ghana. This amount rises each year. The rest of the UK’s aid money is pooled into a fund that is also contributed to by other countries in the EU. The EU then decides which projects to spend the money on this is known as Multi-Lateral aid. What is short (Emergency) aid? Aid which is needed immediately, as a result of a natural disaster, or something equally severe (war), in order to protect lives and stop the spread of disease. It Includes: Distributing food and clean water to those affected Giving medical attention to those who have been injured Providing temporary shelter for those with lost homes Monitoring the distribution of aid to make sure that all those who need it are able to access it, including women and children and elderly people (Vulnerable groups) Aid – Emergency and Developmental In wake of the disaster, Australia, India, Japan, United States formed a coalition to coordinate aid efforts to streamline immediate assistance (Bilateral/Official aid). However, at the Jakarta Summit on 6 January 2005, the coalition transferred responsibilities to the United Nations (Multi-Lateral aid). At the time images of the tsunami filled the news and created generous donations from across the world. Emergency aid is only a small part of the aid given by both government and NGO’s (non governmental organisations). Aid is often planned and over long periods of time in order to tackle specific issues such as poverty. In fact in 2004-2005 Christian Aid spent more on development (£36.6 million) than on emergency aid (£12.0 million).

Aid – Emergency and Developmental – Case Studies – Mali and Niger Case Study –Niger Food Crisis: 2005 Subsistence farmers were hit with a severe drought and a plague of locusts which destroyed their crops. 3.3 million people (800,000) children – risk of starvation. Long term aid was already being given for development in Niger. However, emergency aid was needed to solve the problem due to its scale What UNICEF does: (pre crisis) Opened 245 cereal banks – to feed families before the harvest when supplies are low, women loan the money and repay once they cash in their grain from the harvest Created 300 women’s groups to support with children’s growth and encourage breast feeding. Malnourished children receive loan of goats to enrich families diet with milk and cheese. Supply, twice a year supplementary vitamins (A) to children under 5. Food that is high in protein and fat is also given to the feeding centres. What UNICEF reported it had done as a result of the crisis: UNICEF Niger has given an additional $270,000 – 14,000 children in 6 months What UNICEF reported it still needed to do as a result of the crisis: Need $1.03 million – 17,000 malnourished – specific diet – 6 months Need 641 tonnes of cereal for 163,000 people Aid – Emergency and Developmental – Case Studies – Mali and Niger Success from the project: 2004 - 4,053 pupils enrolled in school (1,818 girls) Women involved in management of schools – participate physically and financially in payment of fees Books – 1 in 5 (pupils to books) now 1 in 2 (pupils to books) Case Study Mali & Niger What did Oxfam do? Oxfam provides long term developmental aid to Mali and Niger. ADESAH – Association for the Indigenous development of the Sahel Support primary schools and children of pastoral farmers who live between Mali and Niger. Nomadic community of cattle herders – very poor – cannot afford to send their children to school or feed their families. Case Study Mali What did CEDA (Canadian International Development Agency) do? Improved village access to basic services Provided high quality basic education, especially for girls – Sebenikoro Community School – 512 pupils age 5-12 of which 320 are girls, all teachers male Improved healthcare provision in villages – National Health Science Training – improves the effectiveness of nurses paramedics etc… Provided more work opportunities – Faso Jigi – 5,000 members in 134 cooperatives. Provided loans and a fair price for farmers