Chapters 2, 3, & 4 Ecology.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapters 2, 3, & 4 Ecology

ecology! can be studied at many levels

Hierarchy of biological organization

A population is . . .what? Variables to population structure

Variables to population structure Population density Dispersion patterns

Clumped

Uniform

Random

What can happen to a population size? Increase, decrease or remain stable

Populations can grow quickly Exponential growth Exponential growth of rabbits

Limitations to population growth Density dependent factors carrying capacity

Logistic growth

Limitations to population growth Density independent factors

Tools that help population ecologists A life history

Tools that help population ecologists Survivorship curves

Levels of ecological study Organismal Population Community Ecosystem

Community ecology Interspecific interactions

Each organism has a niche Ecological niche: The more similar 2 niches are,

Trophic structures show interactions The pattern of feeding relationships consisting of several levels food chain:

Missing from most food chain & food web diagrams. . . ! Detritivores: Decomposers:

Cooper’s hawk Fox Robin Alligator lizard Arrows show direction Figure 54-6 Cooper’s hawk Fox Robin Alligator lizard Arrows show direction of energy flow: from organism consumed to consumer Earthworm Millipede Bracket fungus Bacteria, archaea (many species) Puffball Pillbugs Insect larvae (maggots) Cricket Dead leaves (many species) Dead animals (many species) Maple tree leaves Rotting log

Biomagnification

Keystone species impact diversity A keystone species

Community response to disturbance

Response to disturbance ecological succession Two kinds of succession

Primary succession Starts in lifeless area without even soil

Primary succession

Secondary succession

Secondary succession

Levels of ecological study Organismal Population Community Ecosystem

An ecosystem has two parts biotic abiotic

Biomes Terrestrial biomes’ Aquatic biomes’

In an ecosystem, Energy flows

In an ecosystem, Chemicals cycle reservoir

Cycling chemicals Carbon: Nitrogen: Phosphorus:

Carbon cycle

Nitrogen cycle

Phosphorus cycle