WarmUp #2 Read the excerpts from Shakespeare & Petrarch on pg. 448. Answer the corresponding questions, related to the excerpts. Be prepared to discuss!

REVIEW: “The Prince” Discussion If you are a leader, is it better to be feared or loved? Why? Give examples!

Northern Renaissance

Renaissance Society 3 main levels to society arranged marriages clergy nobles townspeople & peasants arranged marriages trade spread Italian Renaissance ideas north Northern Renaissance: centered in large cities

Education Johannes Gutenberg: printing press The Bible (the first book printed…still most printed book ever!) printing made easier & cheaper more people could afford books a yearning to read = more education purpose of education: to shape people of virtue & wisdom, build physical fitness & to create competent, complete citizens

Gutenberg & the Printing Press

Northern Renaissance Christian humanism painted on a small scale the merging of humanistic emphasis with a Christian focus painted on a small scale attention to detail used to create realistic pictures (not perspective) focused on reality of Christianity, not mythology 2 main artists: Jan Van Eyck (known for tiny details) Albrecht Durer (merged detail & perspective)

Van Eyck

Durer

Vernacular Literature vernacular: language of a specific area writers began to write in vernacular instead of Latin helped to codify languages Prominent writers: Dante: Italian Chaucer & Shakespeare: English

Dante: The Divine Comedy about soul’s journey to salvation 3 major sections Hell (Inferno) Purgatory (Purgatorio) Heaven (Paridiso)

Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales ~pilgrims going to the tomb of Thomas a Becket in Canterbury ~on the way, they tell each other stories to pass the time…

Shakespeare

Shakespeare possibly the best playwright ever! themes of humanity moved away from the morality plays of Middle Ages best known plays: Hamlet, Romeo & Juliet, Much Ado About Nothing, Macbeth, Twelfth Night, Taming of the Shrew, etc.

Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art lovelier and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm’d, And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d. But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest, Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. Shakespearean sonnet: Rhyme scheme: ~abab cdcd efef gg ~3 quatrains & 1 couplet