Early Childhood Learning Follow along on Twitter! #MyanmarDHS @DHSprogram Early Childhood Learning

Early Child Education Percent of children age 3-5 currently attending any early childhood education program 20% of children age 3-5 years in Myanmar are currently attending an early childhood education program. This is more common in urban areas than rural areas.

School Attendance Percent of primary (6-11) and secondary (12-17) age children currently attending school Over 80% of primary school aged children are attending school. School attendance is lower for secondary school- 62% of girls ate 12-17 and 58% of boys age 12-17 are currently attending secondary school.

Support for Learning Percent of children age 36-59 months with whom an adult household member engaged in activities that promote learning in the 3 days before the survey

Percent of oldest children under 5 Learning Materials Percent of oldest children under 5 Very few children have children’s books, while more than 7 in 10 children have toys.

Child Care Arrangements 6% of children under 5 are left alone during the week 10% of children under 5 are left in the care of another child younger than 10 for more than 1 hour during the week

Child Discipline: Nonviolent methods Many children age 2-14 were disciplined during the month before the survey using nonviolent methods such as: Explaining to the child their behavior is wrong (74%) Giving the child something else to do (53%) Taking away privileges, forbidding something the child likes, or not allowing the child to leave the house (20%)

Child Discipline: Violent methods Many children were also disciplined with violent methods including: Psychological aggression – shouting, yelling, screaming (72%) and calling child dumb, lazy, or stupid (22%) Physical punishment – shaking (14%), hitting the child on the hand, arm, or leg (18%), spanking on the bottom with bare hand (28%), and hitting child with belt or other hard object (16%) Severe physical punishment – hitting or slapping child on face, head, or ears (10%) or beating the child over and over as hard as possible (3%)

Child Discipline Percent of children age 2-14 who experienced the following types of discipline in the month before the survey: More than three-quarters of children experienced any type of violence discipline in the month before the survey. Psychological aggression is the most commonly experienced type of child discipline

Key Findings More than 80% of children attend primary school; about 60% of children attend secondary school. Very few children have books at home. 77% of children experience any type of violent discipline