Mixtures Notes

Substances and Mixtures Page 19 Substances and Mixtures LT - Distinguish between pure substances and mixtures? All forms of matter can be classified into two groups: pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance is one having a homogeneous composition. There are two types of pure substances: elements and compounds. An element is matter that is made of only one kind of atom. A compound is matter that is formed when two or more elements join (bond) chemically (a chemical reaction). Elements and compounds cannot be broken down and retain their properties. A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that has all the properties of the compound. The makeup of a molecule is shown in a chemical formula. A chemical formula uses chemical symbols and subscripts to identify the number and types of atoms of each element that make up a compound.

On page 18 Identify whether each of the following are elements or compounds in the table below. H H20 Ca Na NaCl CO2 Co Fe2S OH CH4 NaOH CO SiO2 Element Compounds

Page 21 Elements can combine in different ways to form either compounds or mixtures. A mixture forms when two or more substances combine without joining chemically. They are not bonded together. Because they are not bonded chemically, the parts of a mixture retain their own individual identities and properties and can be separated. A mixture that is unevenly mixed is called a heterogeneous mixture. Ex. Trailmix. A mixture that is mixed evenly is called a homogeneous mixture. Ex. Kool-Aid

Heterogeneous Mixture On page 20 Identify whether each of the following are heterogeneous or homogeneous mixtures in the table below. Vegetable soup Chex Mix coffee cake batter chocolate chip cookie milk salt water pizza spaghetti & meatballs cereal in milk taco salad Heterogeneous Mixture Homogeneous Mixture

Page 23 A state (phase) of matter is the physical form in which matter exists (physical property). There are four common states (phases) of matter : solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat is added or taken away. (physical change)

Page 23 A state (phase) of matter is the physical form in which matter exists (physical property). There are four common states (phases) of matter : solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat is added or taken away. (physical change) A solid is a substance with a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles in a solid are packed closely together and maintain a rigid form without a container. They vibrate slowly against one another.

Page 23 A state (phase) of matter is the physical form in which matter exists (physical property). There are four common states (phases) of matter : solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Matter often changes state when heat is added or taken away. (physical change) A solid is a substance with a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles in a solid are packed closely together and maintain a rigid form without a container. They vibrate slowly against one another. A liquid is a substance with a definite volume, but not a definite shape. The particles in a liquid move faster and freely past one another, but are still close to one another. Liquids take the shape of the container they are in.

Page 25 A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume. Gas particles move very fast and bounce off of one another. Gases fill the container they are in.

Page 25 A gas is a substance that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume. Gas particles move very fast and bounce off of one another. Gases fill the container they are in. A plasma is matter that exists at extremely high temperatures where the particles are broken apart into positive and negative charges, move freely at extremely high speeds with high energy. It has no definite shape or a definite volume.

Provide 3 additional examples of each state of matter. On page 22 – entire page Identify whether each of the following are solids, liquids, gases or plasma in the table below. Milk toy car star air hydrogen water ice steam sugar salt pepsi oxygen fluorescent bulb Provide 3 additional examples of each state of matter. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

On page 24 – entire page Compare and contrast the characteristics and the particle position and movement in the 4 common states of matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Shape (definite yes or no?) yes no Volume (definite, yes or no?) Particle Position (where are they?) packed close together Looser than solids, but close Far apart, spread out Extremely far apart Particle Movement (how fast do they move?) vibrate against one another Moves a little out of position, slow, freely Fast and free Very fast, when colliding breaks apart into + & - Miscellaneous Wood, ice Water, juice Steam, hydrogen, oxygen lightning, sun, neon lights, plasma tv, Northern lights

On page 24 – entire page Compare and contrast the characteristics and the particle position and movement in the 4 common states of matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Shape (definite yes or no?) Volume (definite, yes or no?) Particle Position (where are they?) Particle Movement (how fast do they move?) Miscellaneous

A property describes how matter looks, feels or interacts with other matter.

A property describes how matter looks, feels or interacts with other matter. There are 2 types of properties: physical and chemical A physical property is anything we can observe without changing the identity of the substance we are looking at. Common physical properties are melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity (able to carry electrical current), thermal conductivity (ability to transfer heat). Magnetism, color, odor and hardness. A chemical property describes the way a substance may change , or react, to form other substances. Chemical properties describe the interaction of a substance with other matter. Two common chemical properties are rusting (iron reacting with oxygen) and flammability (the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen)

Page 27 A property describes how matter looks, feels or interacts with other matter. There are 2 types of properties: physical and chemical A physical property is anything we can observe without changing the identity of the substance we are looking at. Common physical properties are melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity (able to carry electrical current), thermal conductivity (ability to transfer heat). Magnetism, color, odor and hardness. A chemical property describes the way a substance may change , or react, to form other substances. Chemical properties describe the interaction of a substance with other matter. Two common chemical properties are rusting (iron reacting with oxygen) and flammability (the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen)

Satin Material Silver Tea Set Baking Soda Nails Hair Spray

Physical Shiny Silver Hard Smooth Chemical Able to tarnish

Chemical flammable Physical Soft Silky Smooth Shiny Silver Wrinkle free

Chemical Flammable combustible Physical Gas Clear compressible

Chemical Reacts with vinegar Physical Solid White Powdery Small particles

Chemical Able to rust Physical Silver Hard Smooth Sharp dense

Combustible under pressure Chemical Flammable Combustible under pressure Physical Liquid Clear Scent Sticky

Page 29 Matter is constantly changing. A physical change may have occurred if a substance changes color, size, shape, temperature, or state of matter. Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter. The matter keeps its same chemical composition. These changes are oftentimes reversible. Chemical changes occur when one substance is changed to become another substance. You cannot reverse chemical changes. Examples include cooking a raw egg, milk spoiling, food digesting, metal rusting. To identify a chemical change look for observable signs such as color change, bubbling and fizzing, light production, smoke and the presence of heat.