MAY 1 4:15-6:45 NOTE THE TIME!!! THE EXAM IS IN OUR USUAL ROOM The exam is 100 questions and is cumulative. Look to the reviews, the study guide and previous exams for studying. FINAL EXAM

$100 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 $2000 Stars Galaxies Black Holes, AGN, and Star Formation The Sun and Stellar Evolution The History and Composition of the Universe Life in the Universe $100 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1000 $2000

The spectral classification of the Sun, G2 V means that it is a _____ star.

Main Sequence Star

Which of these stars is not burning hydrogen in its core? a) O2 V b) F4 V c) B2 V d) K9 II

Which of these stars is not burning hydrogen in its core? a) O2 V b) F4 V c) B2 V d) K9 II

Which of these statements is false? a)Multiple star systems with more than 3 stars are very rare b)More than 60% of nearby solar-type stars are binaries c) More than 5% of all stars are visual binary stars d) About 15% of all stars are in binary systems

Which of these statements is false? a)Multiple star systems with more than 3 stars are very rare b)More than 60% of nearby solar-type stars are binaries c) More than 5% of all stars are visual binary stars d) About 15% of all stars are in binary systems

As a protostar grows its characteristic motion within the HR diagram is _____.

Up and left

Assuming they have the same size, which of the following stars will emit the most red light? a) A red star b) An orange star c) A yellow star d) A blue star

Assuming they have the same size, which of the following stars will emit the most red light? a) A red star b) An orange star c) A yellow star d) A blue star

What happens in a low mass star when its core temperature rises enough for helium fusion to begin?

Helium fusion rises very sharply (the helium flash)

The absolute magnitude of star A is 0 and of star B is 5 The absolute magnitude of star A is 0 and of star B is 5. Therefore star A is approximately _____ times _____ luminous than star B.

The absolute magnitude of star A is 0 and of star B is 5 The absolute magnitude of star A is 0 and of star B is 5. Therefore star A is approximately 100 times more luminous than star B.

What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?

A barred spiral type

Spiral arms do not contain Open clusters Supermassive black holes High stellar densities Star forming regions

Supermassive black holes Spiral arms do not contain Open clusters Supermassive black holes High stellar densities Star forming regions

What type of galaxy will result from the collision of Andromeda and the Milky Way?

An elliptical galaxy

In a spiral galaxy the oldest stars are likely to be found in the:

In a spiral galaxy the oldest stars are likely to be found in the: halo

In 1 trillion years, the Milky Way will have little gas, if any In 1 trillion years, the Milky Way will have little gas, if any. Where will the matter that comprised the current gas be located?

Mostly locked into white dwarfs and low-mass stars

What types of stars are found in each of the three major components of a galaxy like the Milky Way?

Disk: Mostly young stars Central Bulge: Mix of old and young stars Halo: old stars

Between elliptical and spiral galaxies, which is more likely to have young stars, and gas?

Spiral galaxies

Quasars have a very large redshift this means that ___________.

1) They are generally very distant 2) They were more common early in time 3) Galaxy collisions might turn them on 4)Nearby galaxies might hold dead quasars

The source of AGN light is ____________

Accretion of gas onto a supermassive black hole

Why don’t all AGN appear the same?

Viewing orientation Quasar or Seyfert Galaxy Blazar Radio Galaxy

What part of a black hole are we able to observe?

Its accretion disk

Failed stars with a mass below 8% of the mass of the Sun are called

Brown dwarfs

Protoplanetary disks are also called _____

Proplyds

A dark nebula is ______

An interstellar cloud that obscures our view

What is the name of a sudden flash of light at the surface of the Sun?

A solar flare

Nuclear fusion in the center of the Sun produces energy by which reaction?

Four H to one He (the proton-proton chain)

Which of the following is smaller? a brown dwarf a white dwarf a neutron star the state of Georgia

Which of the following is smaller? a brown dwarf a white dwarf a neutron star the state of Georgia

Stars like the Sun won’t have hot enough cores during the red giant pahse to fuse He into ____. Hydrogen Nitrogen Carbon Uranium

Stars like the Sun won’t have hot enough cores during the red giant pahse to fuse He into ____. Hydrogen Nitrogen Carbon Uranium But this can happen during the AGB stage!

Are all neutron stars pulsars?

No! But all pulsars are neutron stars!

True or False: Type I novae never occur in a close binary system.

False! This is how Type I supernovae take place, in a binary system consisting of a white dwarf and some other object (evolved star or perhaps another white dwarf)

Gold and Uranium are formed mostly in ______.

Supernovae

The first atoms formed _____ years after the Big Bang

380,000

The Universe stopped being opaque when ______.

Electrons got tied to neutrons

Light can be converted into mass via the process of ______.

Particle/antiparticle production

Which formed first stars or galaxies?

Stars!

The microwave background radiation comes from ______ Distant spiral galaxies Distant quasars Dust surrounding the Milky Way Hot gas from the Big Bang

The microwave background radiation comes from ______ Distant spiral galaxies Distant quasars Dust surrounding the Milky Way Hot gas from the Big Bang

What is the approximate temperature associated with cosmic microwave background radiation today?

2.8 K

Evidence for dark matter is NOT found in Rotation curves of spiral galaxies Confinement of hot gas in clusters Motions of galaxies in clusters The expansion of the Universe

Evidence for dark matter is NOT found in Rotation curves of spiral galaxies Confinement of hot gas in clusters Motions of galaxies in clusters The expansion of the Universe

What is the Fermi Paradox?

The question: If there are many civilizations in the Universe, than why have we not detected/ been contacted by any of them?

The 1970s Viking Mission to Mars Analyzed Martian soil samples Proved that liquid water exists on Mars’ surface Determined there was once life on Mars Found the best spot to search for life on Mars

The 1970s Viking Mission to Mars Analyzed Martian soil samples Proved that liquid water exists on Mars’ surface Determined there was once life on Mars Found the best spot to search for life on Mars

Why have we found more Earth-like planets in the habitable zone around small cool stars?

Because the habitable zone is closer to these stars and our methods of detecting planets (changes in luminosity and motion of the star) make it easier to detect small planets around stars like this compared to small planets around bigger stars

What are three basic needs of life?

Liquid (like water but could be something else), materials for complex chemistry (like carbon but could be something else), energy (from a star or geothermal or other source)

Which of these is not a basic property of life? Organization Using energy, Growth Adaptation Reproduction Higher Intelligence Homeostasis Responding to stimuli

Higher Intelligence

Is Earth the only place with liquid water in the Solar System?

No! Mars shows signs of liquid water (seasonally probably), and Enceladus has water below a frozen surface. It is also possible that Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto have liquid oceans below their surface.

Which values in the Drake equation do astronomers have a decent grasp of?

R*: The number of stars that form in the galaxy (5-7) Fp: the fraction of stars with planets (0.5-1) Ne: the number of stars with habitable places is still not known too well All the other numbers are open questions!