Safety Evaluation of the Lighting at the Entrance of a Very Long Road Tunnel: A Case Study in Ilam  Ahmad Mehri, Roohalah Hajizadeh, Somayeh Farhang Dehghan,

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Safety Evaluation of the Lighting at the Entrance of a Very Long Road Tunnel: A Case Study in Ilam  Ahmad Mehri, Roohalah Hajizadeh, Somayeh Farhang Dehghan, Parvin Nassiri, Sayed Mohammad Jafari, Fereshteh Taheri, Seyed Abolfazl Zakerian  Safety and Health at Work  Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 151-155 (June 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2016.06.002 Copyright © 2016 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Black hole phenomenon at the entrance to a road tunnel. Safety and Health at Work 2017 8, 151-155DOI: (10.1016/j.shaw.2016.06.002) Copyright © 2016 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Geographical location of the Azadi Tunnel. Safety and Health at Work 2017 8, 151-155DOI: (10.1016/j.shaw.2016.06.002) Copyright © 2016 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Subjective assessment of lighting in entrance tunnels [14]. C, target contrast; SRN, safety rating number. Safety and Health at Work 2017 8, 151-155DOI: (10.1016/j.shaw.2016.06.002) Copyright © 2016 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Measurement of luminance at the entrance of road tunnels. Note. Adapted from the standard IESNA-LM-71-1996. Safety and Health at Work 2017 8, 151-155DOI: (10.1016/j.shaw.2016.06.002) Copyright © 2016 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Determination of the coefficient of friction between road and tire. Note. Adapted from the standard CIE-88-2004. Safety and Health at Work 2017 8, 151-155DOI: (10.1016/j.shaw.2016.06.002) Copyright © 2016 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Sketch of a polar grid. Safety and Health at Work 2017 8, 151-155DOI: (10.1016/j.shaw.2016.06.002) Copyright © 2016 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Placement of a barrier at the entrance of tunnels at specified points. Safety and Health at Work 2017 8, 151-155DOI: (10.1016/j.shaw.2016.06.002) Copyright © 2016 Terms and Conditions