What is imperialism? The takeover of a country, territory, or area by a stronger nation in order to dominate and control the government, resources, economy, and culture of the weaker nation. Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

Mercantilism economic system practiced during the 17th and 18th centuries by Absolute Monarchs in Europe. Nations should export more than import Tariffs to protect domestic industry A nation should take colonies Colonies should exist solely to benefit the “Mother country”.

How mercantilism worked between Great Britain and the 13 colonies Raw materials Finished products Colonies Mother country Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

Old Imperialism vs. New Imperialism Europeans establish colonies in Americas, India, Asia and Africa Limited international power New Imperialism Japan, the US and industrialized Europe expand into new land Aggressive Mainly in Asia and Africa due to weak, declining empires

Causes of New Imperialism Economy Politics and Military Society Science and Invention Natural resources New markets Growing population Invest new profits Bases for trade and naval ships Power and security Nationalism Spread Christianity Spread Western civilization Western ways are the best New weapons New medicines Improved ships

Cultural Motives Social Darwinism = strongest nations dominate weaker nations Nationalism = national superiority, or a nation feeling like they had the right to control weaker countries “White Man’s Burden” = Rudyard Kipling’s poem offered the idea that white imperialists had a moral duty to educate people in nations they considered less developed

Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child. Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain, To seek another's profit And work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine, And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest (The end for others sought) Watch sloth and heathen folly Bring all your hope to nought… The poem, The White Man’s Burden, by Rudyard Kipling in 1899, supported the theory of Social Darwinism. Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

English mission, Zanzibar Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

Forms of imperial rule Colonies Protectorates Spheres of influence Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

Count Otto von Bismarck Berlin Conference Otto von Bismarck, Imperial Chancellor of the German Empire, convened the conference in 1884 to peacefully divide and colonize Africa. No African nations were invited No regard for African people 1850 = most of Africa is free 70 years later = most of Africa is colonized Count Otto von Bismarck Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

Partitioning of Africa Multimedia Learning, LLC COPYRIGHT 2006 WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN

Case Study: South Africa Three groups: Zulus, Boers, British Clash over control Rich in diamonds and gold Zulus chief Shaka: very organized; built large empire/ strong military Almost defeated British/ later absorbed into British controlled land

The Boers Dutch farmers Established large farms Cape of Good Hope, Cape Town British take over in 1800s Clash over slaves and land Boers try to escape British policies 1830s called THE GREAT TREK

Boer War British vs Boers Total war Boers launch commando raids/use guerrilla tactics British put women and children in concentration camps many die British finally win 1902 self governing Union of South Africa

Impact of Colonialism Positive Side Better health Schools Transportation systems/communication systems Economic growth

Impact of Colonialism Negative Side Colonial boundaries drawn without respect for Africa tribal lands/violence Many die from European diseases Best land to the Europeans Forced labor Undermining of traditional African cultures